YANG XIN is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used for nervous fatigue and consists of a proprietary blend of concentrated extracts from 18 plant ingredients. The 18 constituent plant ingredients, YANG XIN capsules, and formulations 2014–005_1 A and 1B were extracted by consecutive 24-hour macerations with dichloromethane followed by methanol. Metabolite separation was carried out through LC‑MS in 40 minutes. Data acquisitions for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the samples were collected under (±) ESI modes and (+) APCI mode using full spectrum scan analysis. A total of 18 analytical markers were identified by LC‑MS for YANG XIN formulations based on accurate mass measurements, molecular formula, double bond equivalent, MFG score, and error (ppm) of the measurement. Aditionally, a comparison of the data with previously reported results for the compounds, followed by identity confirmationwith standard compounds, was performed. Seventeen analytical markers representing 17 plant ingredients in the different YANG XIN formulations were quantified for the first time. The YANG XIN capsules and the 2014– 005_1B formulation were similar to each other and different from the 2014–005_1 A formulation based on the fact that both YANG XIN capsules and the 2014–005_1B formulation contain the same analytical markers. This method provides good linearity (r2 > 0.9945), intraday precision (R.S.D. 3.9%), interday precision (R. S. D. 5.6 %), accuracy (99.2–101%), recovery (145.7%), limit of detection (0.0011–0.0732 μg/mL), and limit of quantitation (0.0038–0.2441 μg/mL).

A simple and non-destructive FTIRmethodwas used to determine certain proton pumpinhibitors (PPIs) in binary and ternary mixtures. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs); omeprazole (OMZ), esomeprazole (EZM), lansoprazole (LAN), pantoprazole sodium (PAN sodium) and rabeprazole sodium (RAB sodium) in binary mixture with domperidone (DOM) and ternary mixture of OMZ, clarithromycin (CLM) and tinidazole (TNZ) were determined in the solid-state by FTIR spectroscopy for the first time. The method was validated according to ICH-guidelines where linearitywas ranged from20 to 850 μg/g and 20–360 μg/g for PPIs and DOM, respectively in binarymixtures and 10–400, 100–8000 and 150–14,000 μg/g forOMZ, CLMand TNZ, respectively. Limits of detectionwere found to be 6–100 and 9–100 μg/g for PPIs and DOM, respectively and 4, 40 and 50 μg/g forOMZ, CLMand TNZ, respectively. The method was applied successfully for determination of the cited drugs in their respective pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A simple and non-destructive FTIRmethodwas used to determine certain proton pumpinhibitors (PPIs) in binary and ternary mixtures. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs); omeprazole (OMZ), esomeprazole (EZM), lansoprazole (LAN), pantoprazole sodium (PAN sodium) and rabeprazole sodium (RAB sodium) in binary mixture with domperidone (DOM) and ternary mixture of OMZ, clarithromycin (CLM) and tinidazole (TNZ) were determined in the solid-state by FTIR spectroscopy for the first time. The method was validated according to ICH-guidelines where linearitywas ranged from20 to 850 μg/g and 20–360 μg/g for PPIs and DOM, respectively in binarymixtures and 10–400, 100–8000 and 150–14,000 μg/g forOMZ, CLMand TNZ, respectively. Limits of detectionwere found to be 6–100 and 9–100 μg/g for PPIs and DOM, respectively and 4, 40 and 50 μg/g forOMZ, CLMand TNZ, respectively. The method was applied successfully for determination of the cited drugs in their respective pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A simple and non-destructive FTIRmethodwas used to determine certain proton pumpinhibitors (PPIs) in binary and ternary mixtures. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs); omeprazole (OMZ), esomeprazole (EZM), lansoprazole (LAN), pantoprazole sodium (PAN sodium) and rabeprazole sodium (RAB sodium) in binary mixture with domperidone (DOM) and ternary mixture of OMZ, clarithromycin (CLM) and tinidazole (TNZ) were determined in the solid-state by FTIR spectroscopy for the first time. The method was validated according to ICH-guidelines where linearitywas ranged from20 to 850 μg/g and 20–360 μg/g for PPIs and DOM, respectively in binarymixtures and 10–400, 100–8000 and 150–14,000 μg/g forOMZ, CLMand TNZ, respectively. Limits of detectionwere found to be 6–100 and 9–100 μg/g for PPIs and DOM, respectively and 4, 40 and 50 μg/g forOMZ, CLMand TNZ, respectively. The method was applied successfully for determination of the cited drugs in their respective pharmaceutical dosage forms.

+is contribution describes a simple, fast, and sensitive application of localized surface plasmon resonance e0ect of silver nanoparticles for simultaneous determination of antihypertensive drugs’ mixture atenolol and amiloride in both pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological samples (urine). Silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction of silver nitrate using hydroxylamine HCL in an alkaline medium. Application of silver-hydroxylamine nanoparticles (SH NPs) provides many advantages including reproducibility, sensitivity, and cost e0ective way of analyte determination. Amiloride has four amino groups which act as attachment points on the surface of silver nanoparticles resulting in a synergistic e0ect on the absorption intensity of atenolol, leading to increase the sensitivity of the determination of both compounds. +is method shows excellent advantages comparing with the previously reported methods, including accuracy, precision, and selectivity. +e linear range of atenolol is 1 ×10−5–1 ×10−4 mol·L−1 and of amiloride is 1 ×10−6–1 ×10−5 mol·L−1. +e limit of detection (LOD) values of atenolol and amiloride are 0.89 ×10−5 and 0.42 ×10−6 mol·L−1, respectively.

Nifedipine and atenolol dugs are conjugated in several anti-hypertensive pharmaceutical formulations. Herein, a reproducible and sensitive voltammetric procedure has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of nifedipine and atenolol for the first time using MgO - nanoplatelets modified screen-printed electrodes (MgO - SPEs) via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Two very well-resolved and reproducible signals/oxidation peaks with a voltammetric separation of 0.35 V were obtained in Britton–Robinson (BR) buffer (pH 9). The MgO NPLs are found to exhibit a high electrocatalytic activity and improved voltammetric response compared to unmodified (bare) SPEs. Under optimum pH conditions (pH 9), the DPV curves exhibit linear responses to nifedipine and atenolol over the concentration ranges of 0.2–104.41 µM and 6.66–909.09 µM with detection limits of 0.032 µM and 1.76 µM, respectively. The applicability of the MgO-SPEs is successfully utilized for simultaneous determination of nifedipine and atenolol in pharmaceutical tablets and human urine samples with good accuracy and precision, these results agreeing with independent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Nifedipine and atenolol dugs are conjugated in several anti-hypertensive pharmaceutical formulations. Herein, a reproducible and sensitive voltammetric procedure has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of nifedipine and atenolol for the first time using MgO - nanoplatelets modified screen-printed electrodes (MgO - SPEs) via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Two very well-resolved and reproducible signals/oxidation peaks with a voltammetric separation of 0.35 V were obtained in Britton–Robinson (BR) buffer (pH 9). The MgO NPLs are found to exhibit a high electrocatalytic activity and improved voltammetric response compared to unmodified (bare) SPEs. Under optimum pH conditions (pH 9), the DPV curves exhibit linear responses to nifedipine and atenolol over the concentration ranges of 0.2–104.41 µM and 6.66–909.09 µM with detection limits of 0.032 µM and 1.76 µM, respectively. The applicability of the MgO-SPEs is successfully utilized for simultaneous determination of nifedipine and atenolol in pharmaceutical tablets and human urine samples with good accuracy and precision, these results agreeing with independent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

The screen-printed technique is widely used as an efficient tool for electrochemical analysis in environment, clinical and agri-food areas. Significantly, it has the ability to transfer electrochemical laboratory experiments into the field. In the present work, we report a highly sensitive, simple, low-cost protocol for determination of amlodipine (AML) using bare/unmodified and DNA-modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). The immobilization of DNA molecules onto SPE offers promising robust and chemically stable molecular wires, which provides a unique opportunity for charge transfer processes. Consequently, the electroanalytical sensing of AML was explored at bare/unmodified and DNA-modified SPEs in a linear range between 0.066–1.0 µM and 0.066–2.0 µM with the detection limit (3) found to be 20.70 nM and14.94 nM, whilst corresponding sensitivities of: 0.43 A L mol-1 and 4.23 A L mol-1 respectively. Although, the superior electrochemical signature of bare SPEs is evident, the immobilization of DNA onto SPEs enhances the sensitivity 10-times more than the bare SPEs. Furthermore, the optimized electroanalytical protocol using the unmodified SPEs, which requires no pre-treatment and electrode modification step, was then further applied to the determination of AML in real samples.

The screen-printed technique is widely used as an efficient tool for electrochemical analysis in environment, clinical and agri-food areas. Significantly, it has the ability to transfer electrochemical laboratory experiments into the field. In the present work, we report a highly sensitive, simple, low-cost protocol for determination of amlodipine (AML) using bare/unmodified and DNA-modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). The immobilization of DNA molecules onto SPE offers promising robust and chemically stable molecular wires, which provides a unique opportunity for charge transfer processes. Consequently, the electroanalytical sensing of AML was explored at bare/unmodified and DNA-modified SPEs in a linear range between 0.066–1.0 µM and 0.066–2.0 µM with the detection limit (3) found to be 20.70 nM and14.94 nM, whilst corresponding sensitivities of: 0.43 A L mol-1 and 4.23 A L mol-1 respectively. Although, the superior electrochemical signature of bare SPEs is evident, the immobilization of DNA onto SPEs enhances the sensitivity 10-times more than the bare SPEs. Furthermore, the optimized electroanalytical protocol using the unmodified SPEs, which requires no pre-treatment and electrode modification step, was then further applied to the determination of AML in real samples.

Two simple, selective, precise and highly sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) methods have been developed and validated for analysis of five angiotensin II receptor antagonists, namely losartan, irbesartan valsartan, candesartan and olmesartan, which are widely used in clinical practice. HPTLC of the drugs was performed on pre-coated silica gel HPTLC plates 60 F254 by development using a mobile phase composed of chloroform–acetone–glacial acetic acid (7.8:1.5:0.7 m v/v/v), which was suitable for all of the studied drugs. The first method depended on utilizing reflectance/fluorescence mode for detection while the second method depended on using 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone as spraying reagent for the first time to form orange spots scanned at 460 nm. A good linear relationship was obtained over the concentration ranges of 1.2–60 and 360–3000 ng/band while detection and quantification limits were in the ranges of 0.07–0.43, 45.2–140.49 and 0.21–1.29, 137.05–425.74 ng/band for reflectance/fluorescence and reflectance/absorbance methods respectively. The developed methods were applied successfully for their determination in tablets and spiked human plasma for reflectance/fluorescence method with good accuracy and precision, and so can be applied in the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies.