The oral cavity is comprised of several structures that have different functions and reflect the overall health. Sex hormones are steroids produced from cholesterol. They are secreted in the mouth with saliva that is thought to possess some healing properties. Many studies have been aimed at the impacts of hormone fluctuations on certain types of oral tissues, especially periodontal tissues. There are numerous changes experienced as a result of hypoestrogenism among them being oral alterations. Local changes include a reduction of salivary function leading to decreased salivation and a predisposition of the oral mucosa to ulceration. Also in the oral cavity, xerostomia may make tooth caries more frequent. Added to the reduction of saliva, the gingival epithelium also becomes less robust, thus may further result in increased tooth mobility and possibly tooth loss due to the risk of invasion by bacteria and reduced alveolar bone mineral density for bone resorption. Since periodontal disease is one of the things that lowers quality of life, prevention and treatment of this damage are needed. To locate studies that address it, the main question to search for is: “Has there been any relationship between the concentration of estrogen in the body fluids and the integrities and healthy status of the oral tissues?". This review revealed that the balance of the body's estrogen hormone with the periodontium is fixed. The objective of the present search was to establish whether intact and healthy oral tissues are linked with sex hormones within body fluids. So the dentist has a good understanding of hormonal changes in women, and how they affect gingival diseases.

Abstract

Aim: The current study was designed to explore the potential effect of ginger extract on the osteosarcoma cell line (MG-
63).
 

Material and Methods: Human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) was acquired from Nawah-Scientific. The tested drug was
ginger extract prepared by maceration in semi-liquid form. The potential impact of ginger extract upon MG-63 cells was
evaluated using cytotoxicity assay, microscopic evaluation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for evaluation of Matrix
Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for detection of the expression levels of the proapoptotic
gene (P53) and antiapoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma 2 (B-cl2) in ginger extract-treated cells. Then the data
collected was statistically assessed.
 

Results: The outcomes demonstrated that ginger extract's cytotoxic impact upon MG-63 cells was dose-dependent, as
viability increased as long as the concentration decreased. Under the microscope, MG-63 cells treated with ginger extract
displayed apoptotic signs such as chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, and plasma membrane blebbing. Data about
MMP-9 showed that, ginger extract dramatically and dose-dependently reduced MMP-9 levels. Regarding P53 and B-cl2,
data revealed that ginger extract significantly increased P53 levels and decreased B-cl2 in a dose-dependent manner.
 

Conclusion: Ginger extract substantially diminishes the viability of osteosarcoma cells because of its strong cytotoxic
activity against MG-63 cells.

Abstract

Objective: Loss of ovarian function in menopause is commonly associated with salivary gland dysfunction. The aim is to study the possible therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the altered structure of the submandibular salivary glands (SMGs) of ovariectomized rats.

Design: Twenty-four female, adult, Wistar rats were used and distributed into three groups (8 rats/group). The control group included sham-operated rats. The ovariectomized group consisted of rats with removed ovaries. The third group consisted of ovariectomized rats received injections, via tail, of MSCs extracted from bone marrow of 3-weeks-old rat hind limb (BM-MSC group). Four weeks after BM-MSC transplantation, the bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur was detected. The SMG was dissected and processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and histomorphometric analyses.

Results: The ovariectomized rats depicted low BMD in the femur. The SMG acini revealed atrophy. The ductal and acinar cells depicted vacuolization and abnormal nuclear histology. GLUT1 immunostaining was decreased in SMG ducts. The BM-MSC group resumed the normal SMG histology and GLUT1 immunolabelling.

Conclusions: BM-MSC therapy restored the normal SMG structure and GLUT1 immunostaining in the treated ovariectomized rats, suggesting improved glucose transporting function.

Aim: Ulcers can weaken the oral mucosa's innate defenses. The purpose of the study was to examine the therapeutic advantages of using secretome derived from bone marrow stem cells to heal traumatic ulcers in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male albino rats with extensively damaged ulcers were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, group that received oracure gel treatment, and group that received secretome treatment. Tissues from the buccal mucosa were taken on days three, seven, and twelfth. Assessment was done via clinical evaluation, histological examination, Masson's trichrome stain, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-specific immunohistochemistry assays. Statistical analysis was then performed on the outcomes. Results: The group treated with secretome had the greatest percentage of wound contraction and the fastest rate of healing. Histological examination of the secretome-treated group showed improved re-epithelialization and better healing capacity. In addition, this group showed an increase in collagen content, the formation of new blood vessels, and the capacity to promote their maturation. Conclusions: Secretome-derived therapy may be a safe and effective way to encourage mucosal repair. It might function as a novel, cell-free treatment strategy. As so, it offers regenerative medicine as a possible substitute for conventional cell therapy.

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect and flow of a bioceramic sealer modified by different concentrations of nano magnesium hydroxide (NMH). 

Methods: NMH were characterized using transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. Then, added to Ceramoseal HBC by 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% in weight. for direct contact antibacterial test (DCT), the tested materials were added to wells of a 96-well plate. Bacterial suspension was added to each well, incubated for 1hour and 24 hours and transferred to agar plates for colony forming unit to be counted. Flow test was applied according to ISO standards and the diameters of compressed discs of tested materials were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using One way ANOVA test and Student t-test.

Results: For DCT test, all tested groups showed antibacterial effect compared to the positive control. At 1 hour, group Ⅰ showed the highest antibacterial effect. At 24 hours, group Ⅰ and Ⅳ were the same antibacterial effect that is higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Regarding flow, group Ⅰ was highest flow and group Ⅳ was the lowest but all results were more than 17 mm.

Conclusion: NMH modified sealers showed antibacterial efficacy and their flow still according to ISO requirements

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study evaluated the push out bond strength of a bioceramic sealer modified by nano
magnesium hydroxide with different concentrations (NMH).

Methods: NMH was characterized using
transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. Then, added to Ceramoseal HBC by
0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% in weight. For push out bond strength test; 40 extracted upper central
incisors were collected and prepared for endodontic treatment. The teeth were decronated, their root
canals were mechanically cleaned and shaped then, grouped randomly into four groups according to
the percentages of added nanoparticles. Group Ⅰ: Bioceramic sealer without added nanoparticles.
Group Ⅱ: Bioceramic sealer + 0.025% NMH. Group Ⅲ: Bioceramic sealer + 0.05% NMH. Group Ⅳ:
Bioceramic sealer + 0.1% NMH. Obturation was performed using gutta percha and the tested
materials. Specimens were placed in 100% relative humidity for 7 days for sealer setting. After that,
2mm coronal slices were cut from each root to be tested for push out bond strength by applying a
deponding force through a computer controlled testing machine till bond failure and bond strength
was calculated in MPa. The data were statistically analyzed using One way ANOVA test and Student
t-test.

Results: The results showed that highest mean bond strength value was recorded for group Ⅳ
(9.72 ± 1.66), while the lowest value was recorded for group I (5.97 ± 1.28). Conclusion: Addition of
NMH to bioceramic sealers enhanced their bond strength.