Different ocular and adnexal diseases have been reported in horses. Entropion, trichiasis, distichiasis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, dacryocystitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal lacerations, corneal ulcers, iris cysts, moon blindness, sarcoids, neoplasms, glaucoma, cataract, strabismus, and panophthalmia were among the most common diseases recorded in horses. Available literatures regarding ocular affections in donkeys are meagre. The purpose of this article was to report some ocular and adnexal diseases in donkeys and to throw a light on their symptoms, diagnosis, and possible treatment.

Many ocular affections have been described in cattle and sheep. Entropion, ectropion, subconjunctival abscesses, prolapse of the nictitans gland, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, hyphaema and cataract were the most affections recorded in cattle and sheep. The present study throw a light on the symptoms, diagnosis and possible treartment of some ocular diseases in buffaloes, cattle and sheep.

A 3-year-old goat was presented to the clinic with a massive ventral abdomi¬nal swelling proximal to the udder. The goat almost could not bear her weight on her pelvic limbs. Palpation revealed the presence of a her¬nial ring at the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall. The hernial ring was about 20 cm in length and 10 cm in width. The diagnosis was ventral abdom¬inal hernia at the level of the udder. Operation was performed under the influence of local infiltration anaesthesia after tranquillization of the animal with Rompun® at a dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. A cutaneous incision, 20 cm in length, was performed at the base of the swelling, at 5 cm distance from the ventral abdominal wall. The lateral suspensory ligament of the udder was severed. Attempts to separate the inner peritoneal hernial sac from the skin was failed. Open reduction was car¬ried out and the hernial contents were reduced. The hernial ring was closed with inverted mattress sutures using chromic catgut. The suspensory ligament was sutured with interrupted catgut stitches and the skin was coapted with an interrupted mattress silk suture after application of a drain. Recovery was uneventful.

A 5 years old, male donkey was presented to the clinic with a six – months swelling at the postero-medial aspect of the leg just below the stifle joint. The swelling was hard in consistancy except at the apex. The skin was completely movable over it. A sharp object was palpated at the base of the swelling. Exploratory puncture revealed nothing. Radio¬graphic examination indicates presence of soft tissue mass medial to the tibial bone and contains a variable shadow of hard objects. Histopathological examination revealed presence of osteophyte at the medial aspect of the leg in a donkey.

Traumatic lesions due to foreign bodies in buccal cavity and pharynx are very common in bovines. Most of the foreign bodies are usually swallowed but some-times the sharp pointed ones migrate to the intermandibular or pharyngeal regions resulting in abscessation. Resultant abscesses usually produce anorexia and sometimes difficulty in swallowing. Presence of abscesses in these regions are usually suspected to be actinobacillosis. Such unusual migration had not been very frequently reported. The present paper deals with two clinical cases of swellings at the intermandibular pharyngeal regions due to foreign body.

In this case study of a 1-day-old male calf, an unusual swelling in the perineal region is caused by a hard, movable, triangular mass. Surgery reveals a pelvic-like bone structure. Included are radiographs and photographs

Manuscripts from other countries often provide a basis for comparison of diagnostic and treatment techniques. This report from Egypt describes three cases of unusual traumatic foot abnormalities in donkeys. Photographs and radiographs of each case are included.

Gastrointestinal and Uterine Sutures have gained increasing importance in veterinary surgery and are of particular interrest in cattle and canine for foreign body surgery and hysterotomy wounds. Such wounds grow only when a serous membrane lies upon serous membrane. Many inverting suture techniques are well established now such as schmieden, Lembert, Connell and Cushing Sutures (1). The presented clinical report deals with a new one raw suture technique suggested for suturing ruminal, gastrointestinal and uterine wounds. Suture technique: The suture begins with a knot placed in the tissues at the wound angle. From there the suture is continued in opposite direction to the wound cleft and the needle pierces only the serosa and musculosa, passes for about 1cm distance and exits on the same side. The needle crosses to the other side and penetrates also the serosa and musculosa but it is going in the direction of the wound edges and for a distance after the level of the first stitch, thereafter the suture crosses the wound edges to the opposite side and pierces all layers of the organ very close to the previous perforation at the same side. The needle passes for a distance behind the level of penetration on the other side then comes out and crosses the other side and etc. The presented technique offers many advantages which can be summerized as follow: 1- The first knot is hiden inside tissues and thus exclude the damage which may occur from the cut end of the suture material to the surrounding structures. 2- The suture material along the whole length of the wound is impeded inside tissues and not seen on the surface of the wound, therefore their are no source of irritation with subsequent adhesions to the surrounding structures. 3- From each edge of the wound folds of tissues are interlaced with each other alternatively in a form of zegzag manner and thus the edges become tightly coaptated without any leakage. 4- The presented technique is applied in a form of the one raw suture and thus lessen the amount of stenosis which can occur in tubular organs.

Congenital mal-formations of musculoskeletal system have been adequately described in farm animals. Occurrence of congenital pseudoarthrosis of shoulder joint could not be traced. Thus the present short note deals with clinical and radiographic observations of abnormally developed shoulder joint in a calf.

Intermandibular space swelling for about two months with difficulty in mastication and deglutition was observed in a four years old cow. Inspection revealed the presence of uniform fluctuating swelling along the whole length of the intermandibular space. Examination of the buccal cavity revealed continuation of the swelling under the tongue. Exploratory cutaneous puncture revealed presence of saliva and about 300 ml was aspirated by strile syringe. Sialocele cyst of the sublingual and mandib¬ular salivary glands was diagnosed. Surgical cutaneous incision at the anterior part of the Swelling led to complete evacuation of the contents. Subsequently a perminant salivary fistula was resulted. Two injections of 10 ml. of diluted Tr. of iodine at weekly interval resulted in localized fibrosis in the intermandibular space. It appears that alternative treatment could had been by creation of a salivary fistual inside the buccal cavity. As conclusion it should be emphasised that swelling in the intermandibular space may require a more precise differential diagnosis because such swelling can be misleading with actinomycotic or foreign body abscesses. The diagnosis " ranula " has to be established by exploratory puncture and oral cavity examination.