38 small metacarpal bones affected with splints in donkeys were subjected to full examination and description. The results indicate that splints most commonly involves the second metacarpal bone. Four types; posterior metacarpal, intermetacarpal, deep metacarpal and knee splints were observed in donkeys. Of these, only one, the posterior metacarpal, is the most common type. All of these can be diagnosed radiologically except the deep metacarpal splints.

Experimental rupture of the urinary bladder was conducted in four rams. Blood, urine and abdominal fluid samples were collected before and at regular intervals following the opera¬tion till death. Besides, heart, liver and kidney tissue samples were examined microsco¬pically. The study revealed:¬ 3-Small few foci of fibrinous inflammation with degeneration in the myocardium, tub¬ular nephrosis with some glomerular changes and centrilobular hepatic necrosis with congestion of the intestine. 4-Progressive elevation of blood urea nitro¬gen, non-protein nitrogen, serum creatinine serum inorganic phosphorus and serum potassium level in relation to time post-operation. Serum, sodium and chloride levels behaved on the contrary. Similar data were achieved in urine and abdominal fluid sam¬ples

The origin, course and distribution of the maxillary nerve and its branches in the one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) have been described in detail and compared with other animals. The blockade of this nerve and its branches was also studied.

Four healthy balady rams were used for exper¬imental rupture of the urinary bladder. The present study revealed the following results: •The operation influenced the body tempera¬ture, pulse and respiratory rates at varia¬ble degrees. •Transient increase of P.C.V. followed by fluctuations of this indice during the per¬iod of the experiment. At time of death PCV Value was low in three-rams. •Lowered Hb concentration was evident at first 12 hours followed by general tendency to decrease till time of death. •Variable degree of leucocytosis.

Clinical and haematological changes occuring in rams with experimental urethral obstruc¬tion included the following:¬ 1-A lowered body temperature postoperation. In the contrary pulse and respiration were acelerated. 2-Blood haemoglobin content and P.C.V.values decreased with severity of uraemia. Res¬pective values up to 6,5 gm/100 ml and 17% for P.C.V, were recorded at time of death. No correlation between total leucocyte count and severity of uraemia was achieved

The insertion of the extrinsic muscles of the eyeball is of importance in the surgery and forensic medicine. The extrinsic muscles of the eyeball in the pig can be differentiated from that of other domestic animals with regard to the form, po¬sition and direction of the line of insertion of the these muscles specially that of dorsal and ventral obliques

The remarkable decline of the packed cell volume (PCV) levels and the reduction of the red blood cell (RBC) count, accompanied by increased whole plasma and whole blood volumes after the intravenous injection of xylazine bydrochloride (Rompun) in rams, is principally regarded to be the result of an erythrocyte storage in the spleen rather than a dilution of the blood due to a shift of fluid from the interstitial region.

The branches of the splenic blood vessels of the dog were studied in preserved and injected materials. Ligature of the splenic blood vessels at or near their origin shortens the time of the operation and prevents the commonly observed haemorrhage in cases of partial and complete splenectomy.

The insertions of the extrinsic ocular muscles in the dog and cat show certain common features such as splitting of the insertion of the ventral obliquo, the direction of the line of insertion of the dorsal and ventral obliques and the division of the retractor oculi into four fasciculi. There are, however, some differences between the dog and cat as regards to the insertion of the dorsal oblique, the line of insertion of the medial rectus, the insertion of each of the four fasciculi of the retractor oculi and the lengths of the horizontal and vertical diameters of the cornea. In the dog and cat the splitting of the insertion of the ventral oblique and of the dorsal oblique in cat, the direction of the line of insertion of the tendons of the dorsal and ventral obliques, the distances of the recti from the corneal limbus, and the complete divis¬ion of the retractor oculi muscle into four fasciculi are characteris-tic features from the sheep and goat.

Surgical exposure of the femur in dogs was studied from the lateral and medial aspects of the thigh. The preferable approach for surgical exposu¬re of the femur is from the lateral aspect of the thigh along its whole length between the biceps femoris and vastus lateralis. From the medial aspect of the thigh exposure of the femur at its distal half between the tendon of pectineus muscle and vastus medie¬lis is easier than that at the proximal half between the fleshy part of the pectineus mu¬scle and the adductor muscle. In cases of simple shaft fracture the later¬al exposure of the femur is indicated but in cases of supracondyloid fracture the distal medial exposure is recommended