The insertions of the extraocular muscles in sheep and goats are characterized by many co¬mmon anatomical features but there are some differences between sheep and goats concerni¬ng the insertions of the dorsal and medial r¬ecti, the ventral oblique and the retractor b¬u1bi muscles. The study of the insertions of the extraocul¬ar muscles is of importance for the treatment of some surgical affections of the eyeball, and in forensic medicine.

The knowledge of the insertion of the eyeball's extrinsic muscles is of importance in the surgery and the forensic medicine. In the camel the features differ from those in the buffalo generally as regards the thickness and yellow colour of all tendons and specially as regards the position of the line of insertion of the lateral rectus, its position at the obliques and its mode of termination at the retractor. In the cow the line of insertion of the inferior oblique and the length of the tendons of the superior and lateral recti differ from those in the buffalo.

Double spleen was recorded in a one and half-year old female Siamese cat. Surgery revealed presence of two spleens. One of them was of normal size and position while the second was abnormally large with twisted splenic vessels. Splenectomy was performed for the abnormal spleen. Recovery of the case was uneventful.

In the course of an experimental study; the surg¬ical exposure of the cervical oesophagus was studied in donkeys, sheep, goats, and dogs with special reference to its surgical anatomy. In donkeys the surgical exposure of the cervical oesophgus is found to be easier at the upper half of the neck than the lower. The most suitable site for exposing the cervical oesophagus in the upper half of the neck is made by an incision between the sterno-cephalic muscle and the left side of the trachea (ventro-lateral exposure). The suitable site in the lower half of the neck in made by an incision at the lower border of the jugular groove between the jugular vein and sterno-cephalic muscle (lateral exposure). For exposing the cervical oesophagus in the sheep and goats the most preferable site is found to be sit¬uated between the trachea with the underlying sterno thyro- hyoid muscles and sterno-cephalic muscle, along the whole length of the neck (ventro-lateral exposure). An incision in the mid-ventral line of the neck between the two sterno-hyoid muscles (ventral exposure) was found to be the most reliable site for exposing the cervical oesophagus in dogs along the whole length of the neck.