The article reviews various ocular affections and treatment pertaining to donkeys, including: lacerations, ectropion, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, lacrimal sac histoplasmosis, conjunctivitis, corneal lacerations, keratitis, cataracts, lens luxation and subluxation, and ocular neoplasms. Illustrations are provided.

Sialadenitis was recorded in 5-year old cow due to presence of a foreign inside the mandibular salivary gland. Removal of the gland was the last resort for treatment of such case.

A one-day-old male calf was referred to the clinic in a recumbent position with a large cantaloupe-size swelling attached to the fronto-occipital region of the head. The swelling was nearly rounded in shape, has a diameter of about 20 cm, covered with normal hairy skin and attached to the head by a considerably constricted neck (Fig. 1 & 2). Palpation of the swelling revealed equal fluctuation and presence of a bony rim at the base of the swelling representing a rounded defect at the frontal bone of nearly 2.5 cm in diameter. Preliminary diagnosis was meningocele or encephalocele. Surgery was performed and the fate of treatment was uneventful.

Sialography is a usefull diagnostic procedure in the investigation of different diseases involving salivary glands and their ducts. The purpose of the study was to describe the normal sialograms of the mandibular and parotid salivary glands in camel, buffalo, horse, donkey, sheep, goat and dog. Sialography of the mandibular gland was performed through the natural orifice of the duct using specially prepared hypodermic needle. Sialography of the parotid gland was conducted through cannulation of the parotid duct after its surgical exposure in all animals except dogs. The position of the mandibular glands, is at the mandibular angle. Its proximal extremity lies under the parotid gland and its distal one extends into the mandibular space. The parotid gland is located caudal to the vertical ramus of the mandible, rostral to the atlus and ventral to the base of the ear. The shape of both glands is characteristic for each species.

In this case report, diprosopus in a newly born buffalo – calf was discussed fully.

Twenty sex, patients with extensive burns of the trunk and limbs varied from 30 to 60% of the body surface area (B.S.A.) as total burn. The residual raw area, from 20 to 40% of ((B.S,A. ), had been temporally covered by dog skin (14 patients) or Homograft from their parents (14 patients). 2 patients had been treated by both types. Biopsy had been taken from the burn area to study the various pathological changes beside the clinical observations with each dressing for the wound before and after the applications of this temporal skin substitute. We concluded that both types of skin are very beneficial for the patient and helpful for the surgeon to cure the difficult cases of burn especially when applied fresh, however the homograft is better than dog skin.

Designed to attain primary healing aft¬er complete ablation of the scrotal sac and its contents, this procedure pro¬motes rapid recovery without complica¬tions and without the use of antibiotics.

A newly born kid, one day old was presented to the clinic with some congenital amomalies at the head region. The animal was unable to stand, blind and survived for two days after birth. The forehead bulges tremendously over a foreshortened face with absence of the nose. Palpation of the swelling revealed equal fluctuation. A single palpebral fissure with double fused eyeballs are observed. The upper jaw is short and the lower jaw is long and curved upward. The tongue is protruded to one side and movable. The condition was diagnosed as a complex of some congenital anomalies at the head region including hydrocephalus, cyclopia and prognathism.

Certain anatomical features of the trachea are important for endotra¬cheal intubation, tracheostomy and tracheal resection. Many authors have been described the trachea in some domestic animals but without indicating the external diameter, internal diameter, width of tracheal rings, length and number of tracheal rings. The available Iiteratures about the anatomy of the trachea in camel, buffalo, mule and donkey are meagre. The aim of the present work is to study some anatomical features of the trachea which have an important for endotracheal intubation and tracheal surgery in general.

Tracheal resection with end-to-end anastomosis was accepted as an ideal method for correction of many congenital and acquired surgical affections of the trachea. Clinical attempts for tracheal grafting had been plagued by infection, ingrowth of fibrous tissue, migration of the graft and evential stenosis. End-to-end tracheal anastomosis after small or massive tracheal ring resection was indicated for congenital localized tracheal stenosis, diverticulum, collapse, perforation, rupture, fracture, fistulae, tracheo¬megally and primary or secondary neoplasms. The amount of cervical tracheal ring resection stated in the available literature in dogs ranged from 4-23 ring. Many suture patterns were indicated for end-to-end anastomosis. The aim of the present study is to determine the possible amount of tracheal ring resection as well as to select the most suitable pattern for tracheal anastomosis in dogs.