A 3-year-old mare was presented to the clinic with enlargement of the right hock joint. Clinical examination was performed and a survey radiograph was taken. The condition was diagnosed as osteochondritis dissecans of the talocrural joint. Surgical treatment was recommended for removal of the intra-articular bone fragments. Recovery was uneventful.

During the postnatal development the radiographic pictures of the bones of the elbow joint show that there are five ossification loci which are; the ossification locus of the distal epiphysis of the humerus which is fused at the age of 32 weeks, the ossification locus of medial epicondyle of the humerus which is fused at the age of 25 Months, the ossification loci of the proximal epiphysis of the radius which fused at age of 11 months, the ossifaction loci of the proximal epiphysis of the ulna which is fused at the of 48 months, and the ossificalon loci of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus which could not be traced.

A surgical procedure for extraction of a cataracteous lens from donkeys is de-scribed that was performed on 24 cata¬racteous eyes of 19 donkeys of both sexes (14 unilateral and 5 bilateral). Intracap¬sular extraction technique was used for treatment of mature and hypermature cataract (21 eyes) while extracapsular technique was used for lenticular cata¬ract in which the lens capsule was trans¬parent (3 eyes).

Three buffalo calves presented to the veterinary clinic at Assiut University with soft, fluctuant, painless swellings at the upper part of the neck. Exploratory puncture of the cysts revealed the presence of a milky liquid. Surgical excision was the radical treatment. Histopathological examination revealed that all cysts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium. At 6-month postsurgical follow-up, no recurrences of these branchial cysts were found in any of the three animals.

Five donkeys, ranging in age from 2 to 4 years, were presented with swellings in the chin and neck areas. In all cases, these swellings had been present at birth, were soft and fluctuant, and did not appear painful. Needle aspiration revealed the presence of black-, brown-, and/or gray-colored fluid, and surgical excision was recommended. The masses removed were clay-like with a separate tuft of hair. All were benign. Surgical excision, therefore, is recommended for cosmetic purposes only.

The most prevalent surgical affections in some domestic animals in Upper Egypt were recorded in the present work.

Surgical extirpation of the mandibular salivary gland was performed in 18 ani-mals including horses, mule, donkeys, buffaloes, cows, sheep and goats. A pre-liminary work was conducted on a fresh and formalinized head and neck speci¬mens to study the anatomical relation¬ship of the gland with the surrounding structures. Surgical extirpation of the mandibular salivary gland was found possible and performed without postoperative com¬plications. The seat of operation is com¬pletely differs between ruminants and equine. In ruminants the seat of surgical exposure is at the caudal area of the mandibular space. In equine the line of incision is behind the vertical ramus of the mandible near the wing of the atlas.

24 healthy mature native male dogs were divided into four groups. The first group was subjected to castration by prescrotal approach, the second group by postscrotal approach, the third group by scrotal ablasion and the last group, by the classical method of open castration. The time of operation, postoperative complications, time of clinical healing and cosmetic appearance postoperatively were recorded. Results indicated that prescrotal approach was the most suitable technique for castration of healthy animals. Scrotal ablasion is an alternative technique in cases of pathological condition of the testicles and scrotum.

The present study was carried out on 224 dogs, with various signs of prostatic diseases. Different means of diagnosis of prostatic diseases in dogs with special regard to uitrasonography were performed. Diagnosis of prostatic diseases is based mainly in our presented work on ultrasono¬graphy and different prostatic diseases have been diagnosed including; benign prostatic hyperplasia, intraprostatic cysts (simple solitary, multiple and complicated), paraprostatic cysts, prostatitis (chronic interstitial and chronic suppurative), prostatic abscess (simple solitary, simple multifocal, multilobulated) and prostatic neoplasia. By this means the detailed description of ultrasonographic pictures of all these diseases have been documented with special reference to differential diagnostic points of view. The prostatic dimensions (L x T x B), parenchymal echogenicity (anechoic, hypoechoic and hyperechoic), presence or absence of intrapa¬renchymal cavities, acoustic shadow and distant enhancement, are the guide lines used for differential diagnoses of these diseases.

A huge penile fibro - papilloma was recorded in a buffalo – bull. The case was fully studied and treated surgically.