The photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye solution is studied under UV light irradiation using a TiO₂-Mica composite calcined at 450 °C (TiO₂-M 450). X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV spectroscopy are used to study the photocatalyst after it is made. XRD shows TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) are in the anatase and rutile phases. MB degradation is evaluated by different parameters, including the concentration of MB dye, pH, the amount of photocatalyst used, and the effect of the oxidant (hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂). Under moderate exposure to UV light, the TiO₂-M 450 composite can remove approximately 99.2% of MB dye (1.0 × 10⁻⁴ M) for 80 min. The optimal amount of TiO₂-M 450 composite is 5.0 g L⁻¹, corresponding to 2.0 g L⁻¹ of TiO₂ NPs. MB dyes can be treated with a simple, successful, and effective process. The nanocomposite is thought to be a good candidate for a photocatalyst that could be used to clean up the environment.

Novel biomass-derived carbon dots co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur were fabricated through facile and simple synthetic method from manufactured milk powder and methionine as precursors. The as-fabricated platform was used for ratiometric fluorescence sensing of Cu (II) and bisphosphonate drug risedronate sodium. The sensing platform is based on oxidation of o-phenylenediamine by Cu (II) to form 2, 3-diaminophenazine (oxidized product) with an emission peak at 557 nm. The resultant product quenched the fluorescence emission of as-fabricated carbon dots at 470 nm through Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and inner-filter effect (IFE). Upon addition of risedronate sodium, the formation of 2, 3-diaminophenazine was decreased as a result of Cu (II) chelation with risedronate sodium, recovering the fluorescence emission of carbon dots. The ratio of fluorescence at 470 nm and 557 nm was measured as a function of Cu (II) and risedronate sodium concentrations. The proposed sensing platform sensitively detected Cu (II) and risedronate sodium in the range of 0.01–55 μM and 5.02–883 µM with LODs (S/N = 3) of 0.003 μM and 1.48 µM, respectively. The sensing platform exhibited a good selectivity towards Cu (II) and risedronate sodium. The sensing system was used to determine Cu (II) and risedronate sodium in different sample matrices with recoveries % in the range of 99–103 % and 97.4–103.8 %, and RSDs % in the range of 1.5–3.0 % and 1.8–3.6 %, respectively.

Herein, a novel ultrasensitive lacidipine (LCDP) electrochemical sensing platform was constructed based on functionalized glassy carbon (FGC) microspheres anchored with ceria nanoparticles (CeO₂NPs@FGC, ratio 2:1 w/w). The XRD, SEM, HRTEM, and EDX results confirmed the formation of the hybrid CeO₂NPs@FGC composite. A molecular wire (MW) modified CeO₂NPs@FGC electrode (CeO₂NPs@FGC-MWE) was firstly fabricated by mixing CeO₂NPs@FGC composite with diphenylacetylene (DPA). The fabricated CeO₂NPs@FGC-MWE sensor exhibited high electro-catalytic activity towards the oxidation of antihypertensive drug LCDP. Quantitative LCDP detection was achieved using adsorptive anodic stripping square-wave voltammetry (AdAS-SWV). The LOD and the LOQ are estimated to be 2.3 and 7.6 nM, respectively, with a dynamic range of 7.0–2680 nM and a sensitivity of 206 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻². Moreover, the fabricated sensor also shows good selectivity, favorable reproducibility, good antifouling activity, and long-term stability. The practical utility of the sensor for LCDP monitoring in biological fluids, patient plasma and pharmaceutical formulation was evaluated with satisfactory results. The UHPLC technique was utilized to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.

The main interest of this work is to construct surface family pair with the symmetry of
Bertrand pair in Euclidean 3-space E3. Then, by employing the Serret-Frenet frame, we conclude
the sucient and necessary conditions of surface family pair interpolating Bertrand pair as mutual
geodesic curves. Moreover, the conclusion to ruled surface family pair is also obtained. Meanwhile,
this work is demonstrated through several examples.

In this paper, based on the E. Study map, clear terms are oered for the dierential equations
of one-parameter Lorentzian spatial kinematics that are coordinate system-independent. This cancels
the request of demanding coordinate transformations that are typically required in the determination of
the canonical systems. With the suggested technique, new proofs of the Disteli formulae of a spacelike
line trajectory are instantly gained and their spatial equivalents are studied in detail. As a consequence,
we address the kinematic geometry of a point trajectory for the one-parameter Lorentzian spherical
and planar movements.

In this paper, we study the singularities on a non-developable ruled surface according to
Blaschke’s frame in the Euclidean 3-space. Additionally, we prove that singular points occur on this
kind of ruled surface and use the singularity theory technique to examine these singularities. Finally,
we construct an example to confirm and demonstrate our primary finding.

5-Amino-4-formyl pyrazole 1 was used as a precursor for the synthesis of 6- aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile 2, and 6-aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5- carboxamides 3 and 4. Pyrazolo[3,4-bpyridines 2, 3, and 4 were treated with different reagents leading to structurally confirmed heterocycles. Mosquito adult females carry and transmit the causatives of many diseases to humans and other domestic animals. Therefore, their management has become a necessity. Ten of the synthesized compounds were tested for larvicidal activity against second-stage C. pipiens larvae. IR spectra were recorded on Shimadzu-408 infrared spectrophotometer. The NMR spectra were performed on a Bruker AV-400 spectrometer and JEOL ECA II 500 MHz. Mass spectrometry was provided on a Varian MAT 312 instrument in EI mode (70 eV). Lethal concentrations were calculated based on probit analysis. Biochemical 

It is estimated that up to a million person are subject to death every year from mosquito-borne diseases. To avoid the epidemic situations arising from mosquito-borne diseases, it is necessary to reduce the mosquito populations. Challenges against efficient mosquito management are mainly related to emergence of insecticide resistance leading to increased need for the development of alternative methods. Ideal insecticides cause permanent impacts on the target insects in order to ensure powerful insecticidal effect. This study hypothesized that the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on the larvae of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito is irreversible and chronic. The first instar C. pipiens larvae were treated with a sublethal concentration (LC₂₀, 0.24 g/L) of ZnONPs for 72 h and then allowed to recover for additional 72 h. Following the recovery period, the changes in zinc …