Five types of heterocyclic compounds containing trifloromethylpyridine
scaffold namely; 3-cyano-2-(Nphenyl)
carbamoylmethylthio-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-
pyridine (6a), thieno[2,3-b]pyridines 3–5 and 7a–c,
pyrido[3’,2’:4,5]thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidines 8–13 and 15a–c,
pyrido[3’,2’:4,5]thieno[3,2-d][1,2,3]triazines 16a,b, and 9-(thiophen-
2-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl) pyrido [3’,2’:4,5]thieno[2,3-
e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (14) were synthesized in excellent
yields and very pure state. The structures of these
compounds were confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses.
Most of the synthesized compounds were evaluated as
insecticidal agents toward Aphis gossypii insects and promising
results obtained. Among all tested compounds, only 6, 7a, 7c
and 15c being the most potent compounds against nymphs
and adults of Aphis gossypii and their activities are nearly to
that of acetamiprid as a reference. The effect of 6a compounds
7a, 7c and 15c on the Aphis digestive system from histological
point of view was also included.

ZnO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using an argon plasma jet with treatment times of 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. XRD Investigation verified the existence of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and monoclinic CuO phases. The average crystallite sizes were determined to be 27.98 nm for ZnO and 26.95 nm for CuO. UV-vis absorption spectra revealed an increase in absorbance with longer plasma treatment times, attributed to heightened crosslinking and defects. Extinction coefficient and optical conductivity also demonstrated an upward trend with treatment duration. The Urbach energy, indicative of structural disorders, exhibited an increase from 0.088 to 0.112 eV for CuO and 0.102 to 0.134 eV for ZnO as treatment time increased. Additionally, the bandgap energy decreased from 3.73 to 3.53 eV for CuO and 3.90 to 3.43 eV for ZnO with prolonged treatment. This reduction in bandgap and the increases in Urbach energy, extinction coefficient, and optical conductivity with extended plasma treatment are attributed to heightened structural defects and disorders caused by plasma-induced bond breaking and crosslinking. Overall, the argon plasma jet proved effective in synthesizing ZnO and CuO NPs with tunable optical and electronic properties through the controlled adjustment of treatment time.

In the current framework, the n-SnO2/n-CdS/p-Si heterostructure was fabricated at differ-ent tin dioxide (SnO2) thicknesses (d = 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 nm). In this device,nickel (Ni) and platinum (Pt) strips were used as back and front contact electrodes, respec-tively. The structural and optical properties of the SnO2 cap layers were studied. Usinga frequency of 10  MHz, a typical dark capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristic of thefabticated heterostructure was measured to determine the electronic parameters. In orderto understand the behavior of the fabricated device under dark conditions, the current den-sity–voltage (J–V) characteristics were analyzed. The measurements showed a significantrectifying behavior, demonstrating the junction’s good rectification characteristic. Thedevices’ performance parameters, including open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit currentdensity (JSC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE), were all discoveredto be affected by the cap layer’s thickness when subjected to AM1.5 illumination. In thisstudy, the higher thickness window layer had a power conversion efficiency of 14.25%.Remarkably, the addition of a cadmium sulfide buffer layer, and changing the thicknessof the SnO2 cap layer were critical in improving the photovoltaic properties, with the suit-ability of the last SnO2 cap layer confirmed due to its good structural, optical, quantumefficiency ?, spectral photoresponsivity ℜ and photovoltaic properties.
 

Zn1-xFexO films with x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 at.% were prepared under high vacuum by the electron beam gun evaporation. The impact of Fe doping concentration on the films' structural, optical and magnetic characteristics has been taken into account. The patterns of XRD for all films at various Fe concentrations showed wurtzite-type structures. The results show that the size of nano-films reduces from 24 nm (0%) to 11 nm (0.20%) with elevating Fe content, which is owing to the difference between the ionic radii of Zn and Fe. Peaks associated with the elements to be seen were visible in the XPS spectra of undoped and 10% Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles produced by the precipitation process: zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O). The optical constants (n, k) of the Zn1-xFexO films were obtained by the SE measurements by an ellipsometric model, allowing for the verification of the Fe3+ ions in Fe-doped ZnO. With the addition of Fe, the energy band gap decreased from 3.44 eV to 3.28 eV. M-H measurements revealed room-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ZnO thin film. As the Fe concentration rises, the magnetization increases until it reaches a concentration of 15%, at which point it starts to decrease. This decrease in magnetization was attributable to the spinel phase, which was seen in the XRD spectra. These findings imply that Fe-doped ZnO is a highly suggested material for the creation of spintronic and optoelectronic devices.