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Abstract: Chemical analysis revealed that water samples collected from Wadi El-Natrun Lakes were highly alkaline, of pH ranging from 8.4 –9.5 and of high levels of total soluble salts, chlorides, sodium and potassium. Water collected from El-Zugm Lake showed the highest levels of organic matter, sodium, calcium, magnesium and chlorides among the 8 lakes investigated. On the other hand, some parameters showed their peak in other lakes e.g. pH (9.4) and total soluble salts (87%) in Fasida. A total number of genera (16) and species (33) were recorded from water samples collected from all lakes during the seasons of study, with the widest spectrum of species being isolated on the control medium (14) and the lowest on 10% NaCl medium (3). Aspergillus, Acremonium followed by Penicillium were the most dominant genera possessing the highest proportions of propagules on all isolation media except on 10 % NaCl. On the other hand, only species of the genera Scopulariopsis and Acremonium were isolated on 10% NaCl medium. Aspergillus showed its count peak in Al-Beida Lake during winter 2007 on both acidic and alkaline media while in spring 2007 on control medium (from Khadra Lake) and on 40% sucrose (from El-Zugm Lake). From Aspergillus, A. terreus followed by A. flavus and A. niger were the most common on all the isolation media, but A. ochraceus was dominant on acidic media only. Other most common species, namely Penicillium chrysogenum and P. puberulum were encountered on all media but not on 10 % NaCl medium. Some species were isolated on one medium but not on the others: Scopulariopsis halophilica (on 10% NaCl), Emericella quadrilineata (on 40% sucrose), Staphylotrichum coccosporum (on medium adjusted at pH 4) and Acremonium hyalinulum (on alkaline media).

Abstract: Chemical analysis revealed that water samples collected from Wadi El-Natrun Lakes were highly alkaline, of pH ranging from 8.4 –9.5 and of high levels of total soluble salts, chlorides, sodium and potassium. Water collected from El-Zugm Lake showed the highest levels of organic matter, sodium, calcium, magnesium and chlorides among the 8 lakes investigated. On the other hand, some parameters showed their peak in other lakes e.g. pH (9.4) and total soluble salts (87%) in Fasida. A total number of genera (16) and species (33) were recorded from water samples collected from all lakes during the seasons of study, with the widest spectrum of species being isolated on the control medium (14) and the lowest on 10% NaCl medium (3). Aspergillus, Acremonium followed by Penicillium were the most dominant genera possessing the highest proportions of propagules on all isolation media except on 10 % NaCl. On the other hand, only species of the genera Scopulariopsis and Acremonium were isolated on 10% NaCl medium. Aspergillus showed its count peak in Al-Beida Lake during winter 2007 on both acidic and alkaline media while in spring 2007 on control medium (from Khadra Lake) and on 40% sucrose (from El-Zugm Lake). From Aspergillus, A. terreus followed by A. flavus and A. niger were the most common on all the isolation media, but A. ochraceus was dominant on acidic media only. Other most common species, namely Penicillium chrysogenum and P. puberulum were encountered on all media but not on 10 % NaCl medium. Some species were isolated on one medium but not on the others: Scopulariopsis halophilica (on 10% NaCl), Emericella quadrilineata (on 40% sucrose), Staphylotrichum coccosporum (on medium adjusted at pH 4) and Acremonium hyalinulum (on alkaline media).

Abstract: Chemical analysis revealed that water samples collected from Wadi El-Natrun Lakes were highly alkaline, of pH ranging from 8.4 –9.5 and of high levels of total soluble salts, chlorides, sodium and potassium. Water collected from El-Zugm Lake showed the highest levels of organic matter, sodium, calcium, magnesium and chlorides among the 8 lakes investigated. On the other hand, some parameters showed their peak in other lakes e.g. pH (9.4) and total soluble salts (87%) in Fasida. A total number of genera (16) and species (33) were recorded from water samples collected from all lakes during the seasons of study, with the widest spectrum of species being isolated on the control medium (14) and the lowest on 10% NaCl medium (3). Aspergillus, Acremonium followed by Penicillium were the most dominant genera possessing the highest proportions of propagules on all isolation media except on 10 % NaCl. On the other hand, only species of the genera Scopulariopsis and Acremonium were isolated on 10% NaCl medium. Aspergillus showed its count peak in Al-Beida Lake during winter 2007 on both acidic and alkaline media while in spring 2007 on control medium (from Khadra Lake) and on 40% sucrose (from El-Zugm Lake). From Aspergillus, A. terreus followed by A. flavus and A. niger were the most common on all the isolation media, but A. ochraceus was dominant on acidic media only. Other most common species, namely Penicillium chrysogenum and P. puberulum were encountered on all media but not on 10 % NaCl medium. Some species were isolated on one medium but not on the others: Scopulariopsis halophilica (on 10% NaCl), Emericella quadrilineata (on 40% sucrose), Staphylotrichum coccosporum (on medium adjusted at pH 4) and Acremonium hyalinulum (on alkaline media).

Ninety isolates of Trichodema (Telomrph: Hypocrea) species and one isolate of Gliocladum viride (Tel. Hypocrea lutea) were isolated from soil samples collected from different locations in Taif city. Two soil samples cultivated with Purica granatum showed high incidences of isolates (13 and 2 isolates, respectivily). Regions f nuclear DNA, containing 18S ribosomal RNA gene (partial sequence); internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, and internal transcribed spacer 2 (complete sequence); and 28S ribosomal RNA gene (partial sequence) were amplified to identify the collected isolates. The sequencing results indicate that 78 isolates of the population were identified as Trichodema harzinum (Tel. Hypocrea lixii. Also, two isolates were identified as T. longibrachiatum (Tel. H. orientals) and one isolate Gliocladium viride (Tel. H. lutea). The remaining 10 isolates were postulated as three new species according to their phylogenic tree. T. harzianum isolates collected during this work showed high degrees of variability which supported that it is "pecies complex"

Abstract Three concentrations (3, 5, and 7 ml/100g retentate) of each of three natural oils were added during manufacturing of low salt white cheese. The mycobiota of cheese were assessed after 8 hours, 3 weeks, 7 weeks and 11 weeks. Twelve species were isolated (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. versicolor, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. camembertii, P. griseofulvum, P. islandicum, P. oxalicum, P. restrictum, Ulocladium atrum and the yeast species Debaryomyces hansenii). The total counts of fungi increased in Laurus nobilis oil-treated cheese at the three concentrations after 3 weeks compared with control, but decreased after 7 weeks in treatment with 3 and 7% of oil concentrations. Cheese treated with Anethum graveolens oil at 3% concentration showed the highest fungal counts after 7 weeks of storage. The fungal counts decreased by increasing all concentrations of Mentha piperita oil (3, 5 and 7%). Generally, treatment of cheese with M. piperita oil significantly decreased the total counts of fungi. On the other hand, oils of L. nobilis and A. graveolens at 3 to 7% concentrations caused an increase of total counts after 3 and 11 weeks but L. nobilis and A. graveolens oils caused a decrease after 7 weeks at 5 and 7% concentrations compared to control,. Isolates of Aspergillus flavus screened for aflatoxin production using Coconut agar medium (CAM) were positive foraflatoxin B production when observed at 365 nm UV light.

Abstract Three concentrations (3, 5, and 7 ml/100g retentate) of each of three natural oils were added during manufacturing of low salt white cheese. The mycobiota of cheese were assessed after 8 hours, 3 weeks, 7 weeks and 11 weeks. Twelve species were isolated (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. versicolor, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. camembertii, P. griseofulvum, P. islandicum, P. oxalicum, P. restrictum, Ulocladium atrum and the yeast species Debaryomyces hansenii). The total counts of fungi increased in Laurus nobilis oil-treated cheese at the three concentrations after 3 weeks compared with control, but decreased after 7 weeks in treatment with 3 and 7% of oil concentrations. Cheese treated with Anethum graveolens oil at 3% concentration showed the highest fungal counts after 7 weeks of storage. The fungal counts decreased by increasing all concentrations of Mentha piperita oil (3, 5 and 7%). Generally, treatment of cheese with M. piperita oil significantly decreased the total counts of fungi. On the other hand, oils of L. nobilis and A. graveolens at 3 to 7% concentrations caused an increase of total counts after 3 and 11 weeks but L. nobilis and A. graveolens oils caused a decrease after 7 weeks at 5 and 7% concentrations compared to control,. Isolates of Aspergillus flavus screened for aflatoxin production using Coconut agar medium (CAM) were positive foraflatoxin B production when observed at 365 nm UV light.

ABSTRACT Seventeen species of Fusarium were recorded on maize (6 species) and sorghum (12 species) grains, and lentil (7 species) and sesame (7 species) seeds on Dichloran chloramphenicol peptone agar medium (DCPA) using the seed/grain-plate method. The moisture contents of most cereal grains were higher than those of seeds. Maize grains gave the highest colony forming units of Fusarium followed by sorghum, sesame and lentil. The frequency of occurrence of Fusarium species depended on the type of seeds and grains. The most frequently encountered species were F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. solani and F. proliferatum on maize; F. nygamai, F. solani and F. verticillioides on sorghum, F. nygamai and F. oxysporum on lentil; and F. solani, F. chlamydosporum and F. verticillioides on sesame. Aspergillus (with A. flavus and A. niger being the most common) followed by Penicillium and Alternaria were recorded from the 4 substrates.

ABSTRACT Seventeen species of Fusarium were recorded on maize (6 species) and sorghum (12 species) grains, and lentil (7 species) and sesame (7 species) seeds on Dichloran chloramphenicol peptone agar medium (DCPA) using the seed/grain-plate method. The moisture contents of most cereal grains were higher than those of seeds. Maize grains gave the highest colony forming units of Fusarium followed by sorghum, sesame and lentil. The frequency of occurrence of Fusarium species depended on the type of seeds and grains. The most frequently encountered species were F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. solani and F. proliferatum on maize; F. nygamai, F. solani and F. verticillioides on sorghum, F. nygamai and F. oxysporum on lentil; and F. solani, F. chlamydosporum and F. verticillioides on sesame. Aspergillus (with A. flavus and A. niger being the most common) followed by Penicillium and Alternaria were recorded from the 4 substrates.

ABSTRACT Seventeen species of Fusarium were recorded on maize (6 species) and sorghum (12 species) grains, and lentil (7 species) and sesame (7 species) seeds on Dichloran chloramphenicol peptone agar medium (DCPA) using the seed/grain-plate method. The moisture contents of most cereal grains were higher than those of seeds. Maize grains gave the highest colony forming units of Fusarium followed by sorghum, sesame and lentil. The frequency of occurrence of Fusarium species depended on the type of seeds and grains. The most frequently encountered species were F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. solani and F. proliferatum on maize; F. nygamai, F. solani and F. verticillioides on sorghum, F. nygamai and F. oxysporum on lentil; and F. solani, F. chlamydosporum and F. verticillioides on sesame. Aspergillus (with A. flavus and A. niger being the most common) followed by Penicillium and Alternaria were recorded from the 4 substrates.