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CuO(S1) Single pure component nanoparticles (SPCNPs), Ag/CuO(S2) binary component hybrid
nanoparticles (BCHNPS), Co1/Ag/CuO (S3), and Co2/Ag/CuO(S4) ternary component hybrid
nanoparticles (TCHNPS) were synthesized via co-precipitation method. Several spectroscopic
methods investigated the characterization of the prepared catalysts. Based on Crystal properties, CuO
exhibit a monoclinic phase (tenorite); the grain size of the prepared samples was 28.15 nm, 29.42 nm,
27.86 nm, and 26.67 nmfor S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively. The addition of different content from Co
as a dopant to silver decorated CuO gives a clear change to a flake shape. The presence of the IR
absorption peaks in the region 400–600 cm−1 matched to the distinctive stretching vibrations of Cu–
Obonds in the monoclinic phase structure of CuO. Disappearance of the Raman peaks of CuOand
appearing of the new characteristic peaks of cobalt oxide confirms the doping process. Using DRS
analysis, arrange of the bandgap values were S1>S2>S3>S4. For the synthetic methyl orange and
raw industrial dye, the photodegradation parameters were measured. The results show the excellent
activity of Co2/Ag/CuO NPS compared with other samples. Electrical studies of the catalysts show a
higher value for the dielectric constant in the higher and lower frequency regions for the sample S4.
The hopping process of the charge carrier’s improving as a result of the increase of applied field
frequency which leads to an increase in the material conductivity.

Four glass samples P1-2xNa1-2xO3-4xPbx where (x ¼ 0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) have been synthesized by melt quenching
mechanism. Using thermal evaporation technique, a thin film of each glass was prepared. Our results show that
the morphology of these films was studied through Atomic Force Microscopy. The lead content increases the
diameter of the circular agglomerated shapes, which increases the homogeneity of the sample surface. On the
other hand, Raman spectra of these films indicate that, the characteristic peaks of phosphate glass are shifted
broadened and their intensities decreased which indicated to the effect of the lead content. The optical band
gaps, index of refractivity, dielectric constant and optical dielectric constant have been inspected from the UVVIS
spectrum. Our conceptions elucidated that the transition form in these films is allowed in indirect way with
3.1 eV energy gap value which improved to 3.5 eV at x ¼ 0.2. Moreover, the dispersal in the index of refractivity
was calculated according to the oscillator pattern.

Four glass samples P1-2xNa1-2xO3-4xPbx where (x ¼ 0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) have been synthesized by melt quenching
mechanism. Using thermal evaporation technique, a thin film of each glass was prepared. Our results show that
the morphology of these films was studied through Atomic Force Microscopy. The lead content increases the
diameter of the circular agglomerated shapes, which increases the homogeneity of the sample surface. On the
other hand, Raman spectra of these films indicate that, the characteristic peaks of phosphate glass are shifted
broadened and their intensities decreased which indicated to the effect of the lead content. The optical band
gaps, index of refractivity, dielectric constant and optical dielectric constant have been inspected from the UVVIS
spectrum. Our conceptions elucidated that the transition form in these films is allowed in indirect way with
3.1 eV energy gap value which improved to 3.5 eV at x ¼ 0.2. Moreover, the dispersal in the index of refractivity
was calculated according to the oscillator pattern.