Wheat is one of the most important sources of food worldwide. A selection index helps in making selection decisions and permits the exploitation of information on correlated traits to improve yields. Two cycles of pedigree selection based on the desired-genetic-gain selection index were imposed to identify the best index to isolate promising lines. The base population was composed of 120 families of bread wheat in the F₆ generation. Eight combinations were constructed from six traits, i.e., days to heading (DH), number of spikes/plant (NS/P), grain yield/plant (GY/P), number of grains/spike (NG/S), mean spike weight (MSW) and mean grain weight (GW). The narrow-sense heritability of NS/P, NG/S, MSW and GW increased from cycle 1 to cycle 2, revealing an increase in the observed gain and homogeneity of the selected families for these traits from cycle to cycle. After the second cycle, the observed gain in GY/P ranged from 9.5 to 23.75% of the mid-parent. The best index for improving GY/P was index 2 (composed of GY/P, NS/P, NG/S, MSW and GW). The indices involving DH were inferior for improving GY/P. The desired-genetic-gain index was efficient in simultaneously improving several involved traits and was a good method to preserve genetic variability. Furthermore, six superior promising families were identified.

A significant focal idea presented in [, ], is that of neat reducts. In this paper, we apply neat reducts on some classes of algebras like cylindric algebras, quasi-polyadic algebras and quasi-polyadic equality algebras.

The Komombo basin, as well as other rift basins west of the Nile River in Egypt, has not been sufficiently studied
from the perspective of petroleum activity. Therefore, an evaluation of the available data on this basin should be performed to provide more valuable information about the hydrocarbon potential there. Early Cretaceous rifting contributes to the maturation of the deeper source rocks within this basin. Moreover, the presence of different structural features (subsidence, uplifts, and normal fault propagation) is a significant factor controlling the  movement of the oil and its entrapment within the Al Baraka reservoir. A comprehensive study of seismic reflection and well logging data was applied to investigate the subsurface structural features and identify the promising hydrocarbon-bearing zones in the reservoir. The Six Hills Formation of the Early Cretaceous includes the main reservoir rocks that contribute to the petroleum potential in the area. The objective of this study is to visualize and evaluate the subsurface geological features of the surveyed area that controls petroleum accumulation and trapping. Different maps, cross-sections, 3D geometrical, and 3D structural models were constructed to visualize the subsurface structural configuration and architecture of the reservoir. A calibration process between sonic logs with the velocity of the existing vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data was
carried out to produce a more accurate and detailed time–depth relationship at the well location. All results deduced from this study were used to identify and determine the locations of the depocenter and the shoulder of the basin. Also, the results provided a clear and detailed vision of the architecture of the productive  hydrocarbon bearing zones and encourage specialists to look for future hydrocarbon potential in the Komombo basin. Moreover, this study can provide specialists with sufficient information to understand the evolution of rift basins in Komombo and other parts of Egypt.

Al-Baraka is the first explored oil field in the Komombo basin. The formation and evolution of Komombo basin
were influenced by tectonic processes from the pre-early Cretaceous period. The main objectives of this study are to; identify hydrocarbon potential in this remote part of Egypt, evaluate and determine the interesting zones
within the early cretaceous rocks for hydrocarbon accumulations in Al-Baraka reservoir. Using well logging data,
the stratigraphic section and reservoir extent of Al-Baraka field were examined. Three-dimensional geometrical
and structural models were also created using seismic reflection data. Al-Baraka reservoir rocks are made up of
non-marine sands and shales that were accumulated in a confined marine environment. By the careful  interpretation of petrophysical data, different hydrocarbon-bearing zones (R2, R4, and R5) can be identified within west Al-Baraka-2 well. These zones were recognized in the Six Hills Formation members E and F of the early Cretaceous. Petrophysical analyses showed that these zones have moderate to good porosity (18.2–20.1%), low shale distribution (8.5–20%), and high average hydrocarbon saturation (42.5%) with high movability. Five zones were recognized based on the interpretation of 3D geometrical modeling. 3D structural modeling shows lateral extension and thickness variation controlled by the effect of faulting. The exploration of hydrocarbon in Komombo basin will contribute to the exploration of more rift basins in southern Egypt.

The short non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as reliable modulators of various pathological conditions including autoimmune diseases in mammals. The current study, aims to identify new potential differential expressed miRNAs and their downstream mRNA targets of the autoimmune disease, Multiple sclerosis (MS). The study identifies a new set of miRNA(s) that are probably implicated in MS using computational tools. The study further carried-out different in vivo and in vitro experiments to check these identified miRNAs could be role in as therapeutic and prognostic applications. Preliminary insilico screening revealed that miR-659-3p, miR-659-5p, miR-684, miR-3607-3p, miR-3607-5p, miR-3682-3p, miR-3682-5p miR-4647, miR-7188-3p, miR-7188-5p and miR-7235 are specifically elevated in the secondary lymphoid cells of EAE mice. In addition, expression of the downstream target mRNA of these miRNAs such as FXBO33, SGMS-1, ZDHHC-9, GABRA-3, NRXN-2 were reciprocal to miRNA expression in lymphoid cells. These confirmed by applying the mimic and silencing miRNA models, suggesting new inflammatory target genes of these promising miRNA markers. The in vivo adoptive transfer model revealed that the suppression of miRNA-7188-5p and miR-7235 changed the pattern of astrocytes and CNS pathophysiology. The current study opens a new miRNA and their mRNA targets in MS disease. The absence of miRNA-7188-5p and miR-7235 enhanced the disease alleviation, confirms the regulatory effect of these targets. These optimized results highlights new set of miRNA’s with therapeutic potential in experimental MS. Further studies are required to confirm these miRNA as therapeutic biomarker.