The heat and mass transfer characteristics of natural convection flow of a chemically-reacting Newtonian fluid along vertical and inclined plates in the presence of diffusion-thermo (Dufour) and thermal-diffusion (Soret) effects are studied. The conservation equations for mass, momentum, heat and concentration are normalized and then solved using the local nonsimilarity method and a shooting scheme. Velocity is increased with order of the chemical reaction (m) as is temperature (θ) and concentration (φ).Temperature (θ) is increased with increasing positive inclination of the plate (γ), whereas velocity (f/) is reduced. An increase in reaction rate parameter (χ) however reduces the concentration values in the boundary layer. Skin friction coefficient is found to be enhanced with a positive increase in concentration-tothermal- buoyancy ratio parameter (N) as are local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number. A negative N value reverses this trend. An increase in Dufour number, Du (with a simultaneous decrease in Soret number), (Sr) significantly heats the fluid and also increases concentration values. For the non-reactive case, neglecting Dufour and Soret effects, good correlation of the present numerical solutions is achieved with the earlier study by Chen et al (1980). The present study finds applications in chemical engineering, furnaces, solar collector energy systems and geophysical fluid mechanics

Deals with heat and mass trans fer by steady lam i nar bound ary layer flow of New to nian, vis cous fluid over a ver ti cal flat plate em bed ded in a fluid-sat u - rated po rous me dium in the pres ence of thermophoretic and mag netic field. The re sult ing sim i lar ity equa tion are solved by fi nite dif fer ence march ing tech nique. The na ture of vari a tion of par ti cle con cen tra tion pro file and mag netic field with re spect to buoy ancy force, Fw, and Prandtl num ber is found to be sim i lar. Com par i sons with pre vi ous pub lished work are per - formed and the re sults are found to be in ex cel lent agree ment.

Deals with heat and mass trans fer by steady lam i nar bound ary layer flow of New to nian, vis cous fluid over a ver ti cal flat plate em bed ded in a fluid-sat u - rated po rous me dium in the pres ence of thermophoretic and mag netic field. The re sult ing sim i lar ity equa tion are solved by fi nite dif fer ence march ing tech nique. The na ture of vari a tion of par ti cle con cen tra tion pro file and mag netic field with re spect to buoy ancy force, Fw, and Prandtl num ber is found to be sim i lar. Com par i sons with pre vi ous pub lished work are per - formed and the re sults are found to be in ex cel lent agree ment.

Arylidene malononitrile reacted with cyanothioacetamide under basic condition to afford the pyridine derivative (2). The same product was obtained from the reaction o f arylidene ethylcyanoacetate, arylidene diethyl malonate, arylidene pyrazolinone with cyanothioacetam ide under the same condition. A resonable mechanism for this behaviour was suggested.

Arylidene malononitrile reacted with cyanothioacetamide under basic condition to afford the pyridine derivative (2). The same product was obtained from the reaction o f arylidene ethylcyanoacetate, arylidene diethyl malonate, arylidene pyrazolinone with cyanothioacetam ide under the same condition. A resonable mechanism for this behaviour was suggested.

Arylidene malononitrile reacted with cyanothioacetamide under basic condition to afford the pyridine derivative (2). The same product was obtained from the reaction o f arylidene ethylcyanoacetate, arylidene diethyl malonate, arylidene pyrazolinone with cyanothioacetam ide under the same condition. A resonable mechanism for this behaviour was suggested.

4-Amino-3-phenyl-2-thioxothiazol-5-carboxam(i1d)e r eacts with aromatic aldehydes to form thiazolopyrimidines (2a,b)r and with acetic anhydride to thiazolopyrimidine (2J. Thiazolocarboxamides ( ls,J were converted to thiazolotriazines (3a,b) by reaction with nitrous acid. When thiazolopyrimidine (2,) was refluxed with POCl,, the corresponding chlorothiazolopyrimidine (4) was isolated. The produced chloro compound (4) can be converted into the corresponding thiazolopyrimidindithiones (5) or substituted aminothiazolopyrimidines (6,7), when allowed to react either with thiourea, aromatic amine or hydrazine hydrate. S-alkylated thiazolopyrimidines (SJ were produced when compound (5) was reacted with halo compounds or acrylonitrile. Hydrazino compound (7) reacts with acetylacetone to produce the pyrazolylthiazolopyrimidine (9).

Pyrolysis of 2-arylimino-3-arylthiazolidin-4-one gives rise to water, aniline, acetanilide, azobenzene, benzonitrile, p-toluonitrile, indole, benzthiazole, 6-methylbenzthiazole, thioglycolic acid, phenylisothiocyanate, p-tolylisothiocyanate, thiocarbanilide, N-phenyl-N-ptolylthiourea, p-aminoacetophenone and N-phenylbenzimidazole. A free radical mechanism has been suggested to account for the formation of the products.

Pyrolysis of 2-arylimino-3-arylthiazolidin-4-one gives rise to water, aniline, acetanilide, azobenzene, benzonitrile, p-toluonitrile, indole, benzthiazole, 6-methylbenzthiazole, thioglycolic acid, phenylisothiocyanate, p-tolylisothiocyanate, thiocarbanilide, N-phenyl-N-ptolylthiourea, p-aminoacetophenone and N-phenylbenzimidazole. A free radical mechanism has been suggested to account for the formation of the products.

Transferrin (Tf) endocytosis and recycling are essential for iron uptake and the regulation of cell proliferation. Tf and Tf receptor (TfR) complexes are internalized via clathrin-coated pits composed of a variety of proteins and lipids and pass through early endosomes to recycling endosomes. We investigated the role of sphingomyelin (SM) synthases (SMS1 and SMS2) in clathrin-dependent trafficking of Tf and cell proliferation. We employed SM-deficient lymphoma cells that lacked SMSs and that failed to proliferate in response to Tf. Transfection of SMS1, but not SMS2, enabled these cells to incorporate SM into the plasma membrane, restoring Tf-mediated proliferation. SM-deficient cells showed a significant reduction in clathrin-dependent Tf uptake compared with the parental SMproducing cells. Both SMS1 gene transfection and exogenous short-chain SM treatment increased clathrin-dependent Tf uptake in SM-deficient cells, with the Tf being subsequently sorted to Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. We observed trafficking of the internalized Tf to late/endolysosomal compartments, and this was not dependent on the clathrin pathway in SM-deficient cells. Thus, SMS1-mediated SM synthesis directs Tf-TfR to undergo clathrin-dependent endocytosis and recycling, promoting the proliferation of lymphoma cells.