tThe catalytic oxidation of CO into CO2on mesoporous Fe–Co mixed oxide nanocatalystsat low temperature was carried out. The catalysts with different ratios of Co3O4(1–30 wt.%)were prepared by a simple co-precipitation method. The original and calcined catalysts werecharacterized by TG, DTA, XRD, TEM, VSM, N2sorption analysis, surface chemisorbed oxy-gen and dc electrical conductivity measurements. The results revealed that the addition ofCo3O4to Fe2O3monotonically increases the amount of surface chemisorbed oxygen, elec-trical conductivity and catalytic activity of the nanocatalysts. The role of the active redoxsites established in these nanocatalysts such as, Co3+/Co2+, Fe3+/Fe2+and Co3+/Fe2+whichare responsible for such modification was discussed. The magnetic studies indicated thatthe Fe–Co mixed oxide nanocatalysts exhibited ferromagnetic nature and the catalyst con-taining 30 wt.% Co3O4calcined at 600◦C possessed the highest saturation magnetization(Ms= 51.5 emu g−1). In addition the kinetic data illustrated that, the activation energy val-ues of CO oxidation gradually decreased with increasing of Co3O4content. Moreover, thecatalytic behavior under different atmospheres during calcination was also studied.

Four series of 5-amino-2-ethylmercapto-4-phenyl-6-subistitutedthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (8a-d), 4-chloro-7-ethylmercapto-9-phenylpyrimido[5',4':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]triazine (9) and 2-ethylmercapto-8-oxo-4-phenyl-7-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimido [4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectrum. All compounds were evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HUH-7 and BHK) and WISH cell. The IC50 of compound (8d) was calculated for each cell line. Interestingly, the IC50 for the normal human amnion WISH cell line was much higher (723 μg/ml) than those found for tumor cell lines; for BHK (17 μg/ml), for HUH-7 (5.8μg/ml), and for MCF-7 (8.3 μg/ml). The proliferation inhibition of normal (WISH) and tumor (BHK, HUH-7, and MCF-7) cells by compound (8d) was investigated using MTT assay and IC50 was calculated after 48 hrs of treatment for each cell line.

Four series of 5-amino-2-ethylmercapto-4-phenyl-6-subistitutedthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (8a-d), 4-chloro-7-ethylmercapto-9-phenylpyrimido[5',4':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]triazine (9) and 2-ethylmercapto-8-oxo-4-phenyl-7-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimido [4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectrum. All compounds were evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HUH-7 and BHK) and WISH cell. The IC50 of compound (8d) was calculated for each cell line. Interestingly, the IC50 for the normal human amnion WISH cell line was much higher (723 μg/ml) than those found for tumor cell lines; for BHK (17 μg/ml), for HUH-7 (5.8μg/ml), and for MCF-7 (8.3 μg/ml). The proliferation inhibition of normal (WISH) and tumor (BHK, HUH-7, and MCF-7) cells by compound (8d) was investigated using MTT assay and IC50 was calculated after 48 hrs of treatment for each cell line.

Four series of 5-amino-2-ethylmercapto-4-phenyl-6-subistitutedthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (8a-d), 4-chloro-7-ethylmercapto-9-phenylpyrimido[5',4':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]triazine (9) and 2-ethylmercapto-8-oxo-4-phenyl-7-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimido [4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectrum. All compounds were evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HUH-7 and BHK) and WISH cell. The IC50 of compound (8d) was calculated for each cell line. Interestingly, the IC50 for the normal human amnion WISH cell line was much higher (723 μg/ml) than those found for tumor cell lines; for BHK (17 μg/ml), for HUH-7 (5.8μg/ml), and for MCF-7 (8.3 μg/ml). The proliferation inhibition of normal (WISH) and tumor (BHK, HUH-7, and MCF-7) cells by compound (8d) was investigated using MTT assay and IC50 was calculated after 48 hrs of treatment for each cell line.

Four series of 5-amino-2-ethylmercapto-4-phenyl-6-subistitutedthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (8a-d), 4-chloro-7-ethylmercapto-9-phenylpyrimido[5',4':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]triazine (9) and 2-ethylmercapto-8-oxo-4-phenyl-7-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimido [4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectrum. All compounds were evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HUH-7 and BHK) and WISH cell. The IC50 of compound (8d) was calculated for each cell line. Interestingly, the IC50 for the normal human amnion WISH cell line was much higher (723 μg/ml) than those found for tumor cell lines; for BHK (17 μg/ml), for HUH-7 (5.8μg/ml), and for MCF-7 (8.3 μg/ml). The proliferation inhibition of normal (WISH) and tumor (BHK, HUH-7, and MCF-7) cells by compound (8d) was investigated using MTT assay and IC50 was calculated after 48 hrs of treatment for each cell line.

Four series of 5-amino-2-ethylmercapto-4-phenyl-6-subistitutedthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (8a-d), 4-chloro-7-ethylmercapto-9-phenylpyrimido[5',4':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]triazine (9) and 2-ethylmercapto-8-oxo-4-phenyl-7-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimido [4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectrum. All compounds were evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HUH-7 and BHK) and WISH cell. The IC50 of compound (8d) was calculated for each cell line. Interestingly, the IC50 for the normal human amnion WISH cell line was much higher (723 μg/ml) than those found for tumor cell lines; for BHK (17 μg/ml), for HUH-7 (5.8μg/ml), and for MCF-7 (8.3 μg/ml). The proliferation inhibition of normal (WISH) and tumor (BHK, HUH-7, and MCF-7) cells by compound (8d) was investigated using MTT assay and IC50 was calculated after 48 hrs of treatment for each cell line.

Four series of 5-amino-2-ethylmercapto-4-phenyl-6-subistitutedthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (8a-d), 4-chloro-7-ethylmercapto-9-phenylpyrimido[5',4':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]triazine (9) and 2-ethylmercapto-8-oxo-4-phenyl-7-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimido [4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectrum. All compounds were evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HUH-7 and BHK) and WISH cell. The IC50 of compound (8d) was calculated for each cell line. Interestingly, the IC50 for the normal human amnion WISH cell line was much higher (723 μg/ml) than those found for tumor cell lines; for BHK (17 μg/ml), for HUH-7 (5.8μg/ml), and for MCF-7 (8.3 μg/ml). The proliferation inhibition of normal (WISH) and tumor (BHK, HUH-7, and MCF-7) cells by compound (8d) was investigated using MTT assay and IC50 was calculated after 48 hrs of treatment for each cell line.

Four series of 5-amino-2-ethylmercapto-4-phenyl-6-subistitutedthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (8a-d), 4-chloro-7-ethylmercapto-9-phenylpyrimido[5',4':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]triazine (9) and 2-ethylmercapto-8-oxo-4-phenyl-7-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimido [4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectrum. All compounds were evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HUH-7 and BHK) and WISH cell. The IC50 of compound (8d) was calculated for each cell line. Interestingly, the IC50 for the normal human amnion WISH cell line was much higher (723 μg/ml) than those found for tumor cell lines; for BHK (17 μg/ml), for HUH-7 (5.8μg/ml), and for MCF-7 (8.3 μg/ml). The proliferation inhibition of normal (WISH) and tumor (BHK, HUH-7, and MCF-7) cells by compound (8d) was investigated using MTT assay and IC50 was calculated after 48 hrs of treatment for each cell line.

The present study is dealing with an ecofriendly and green biological route for extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the endophytic fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum F16 (KU199685). The biosynthesised AgNPs were characterised using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed the formation of stable, well-dispersed and spherical crystalline AgNPs with an average size 15.1 ± 1.0 nm and zeta potential of about −41.2 ± 0.5 mV. Optimisation of AgNPs synthesis prepared under different reaction conditions such as: pH, temperature, silver nitrate concentration and time of synthesis reaction to increase the AgNPs production. Meanwhile, the optimum conditions for maximum AgNPs production were pH (7), silver nitrate (5 mM) and incubation time (5-7 days). Interestingly, the fungal exo-metabolities were found to reduce silver ions into AgNPs within10 min after heating the reaction mixture (50-70 °C) as indicated by the developed reddish brown color compared to 30 min under room temperature.

Mycogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out in the present investigation using an aqueous extract of endophytic non-pathogenic Alternaria solani F10 (KT721914). The mycosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by means of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The surface plasmon resonance found at 430 nm confirmed the formation of stable AgNPs for several weeks at room temperature. Also, the results revealed the formation of spherical and monodispersed AgNPs with an average size of 14.8 ± 1.2 nm. The FT-IR spectrum suggested that the fungal extracellular proteins and secondary metabolites had the role in Ag reduction and AgNPs capping of which protein Ag nanoconjugates were formed. Furthermore, the mycosynthesized AgNPs exhibited potent antifungal activity against different pathogenic isolates of the same Alternaria solani fungus, the causal pathogen of tomato early blight disease. The antifungal efficiency of the AgNPs at 1, 5 and 10 ppm were evaluated for 8 days after incubation by measuring the inhibition rate of fungal radial growth. The results were further supported by investigating fungal hyphae morphology alteration by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Treated fungal hyphae showed formation of pits and pores. Also, the mycosynthesized AgNPs were able to pass and distribute throughout the fungal cell area and interact with the cell components.