We explore the dissipative dynamics of two coupled qubits placed inside a coherent
cavity-field under dipole-dipole interplay and 2-photon transitions. The generated non-classical
correlations (NCCs) beyond entanglement are investigated via two measures based on the
Hilbert-Schmidt norm. It is found that the robustness of the generated NCCs can be greatly enhanced
by performing the intrinsic dissipation rate, dipole-dipole interplay rate, initial coherence intensity
and the degree of the coherent state superpositions. The results show that the intrinsic decoherence
stabilize the stationarity of the non-classical correlations while the dipole interplay rate boost them.
The non-classical correlations can be frozen at their stationary correlations by increasing the intrinsic
dissipation rate. Also NCCs, can be enhanced by increasing the initial coherent intensity

We explore the dissipative dynamics of two coupled qubits placed inside a coherent
cavity-field under dipole-dipole interplay and 2-photon transitions. The generated non-classical
correlations (NCCs) beyond entanglement are investigated via two measures based on the
Hilbert-Schmidt norm. It is found that the robustness of the generated NCCs can be greatly enhanced
by performing the intrinsic dissipation rate, dipole-dipole interplay rate, initial coherence intensity
and the degree of the coherent state superpositions. The results show that the intrinsic decoherence
stabilize the stationarity of the non-classical correlations while the dipole interplay rate boost them.
The non-classical correlations can be frozen at their stationary correlations by increasing the intrinsic
dissipation rate. Also NCCs, can be enhanced by increasing the initial coherent intensity

Thermal analysis of chalcogenide glass similar to other materials is of great importance in order to increase
the knowledge about its phase transitions, thermal stability, etc. The current study reports on the
thermal kinetics of melt-quenched Zn5Se95 chalcogenide glass using differential thermal analysis (DTA)
techniques under non-isothermal conditions. The glass-forming ability (GFA) and the relation between
the glass transition and onset crystallization temperatures are found to show a linear behavior. In
addition, Moynihan et al. Kissinger’s, and other approaches of Johnson-Mehl-Avrami utilized to determine
the activation energy of the amorphous-crystalline and glass transition. It is found that the glass
transition process cannot be concluded in terms of single activation energy, and that variation with the
extent of conversion was analyzed using various iso-conventional methods. Therefore, the observed
change of the activation energy throughout the glass transition reveals that the transition from amorphous
to the supercooled liquid phase of Zn5Se95 glass is a complex process. The crystallization process at
different heating rates is simulated using the M
alek method, and Sest
akeBerggren SB(M,N) model, in
which the SB model show fairly good matching with the experimental DTA data. Moreover; the fragility
index is a measure of the GFA of Zn5Se95 chalcogenide glass, which has been estimated using the glass
transitions and activation energy values. We have found that the fragility index of Zn5Se95 glass values in
between ~13 and 30, depending on the heating rate, revealing that the synthesized glass is a strong liquid
with excellent GFA.

Thermal analysis of chalcogenide glass similar to other materials is of great importance in order to increase
the knowledge about its phase transitions, thermal stability, etc. The current study reports on the
thermal kinetics of melt-quenched Zn5Se95 chalcogenide glass using differential thermal analysis (DTA)
techniques under non-isothermal conditions. The glass-forming ability (GFA) and the relation between
the glass transition and onset crystallization temperatures are found to show a linear behavior. In
addition, Moynihan et al. Kissinger’s, and other approaches of Johnson-Mehl-Avrami utilized to determine
the activation energy of the amorphous-crystalline and glass transition. It is found that the glass
transition process cannot be concluded in terms of single activation energy, and that variation with the
extent of conversion was analyzed using various iso-conventional methods. Therefore, the observed
change of the activation energy throughout the glass transition reveals that the transition from amorphous
to the supercooled liquid phase of Zn5Se95 glass is a complex process. The crystallization process at
different heating rates is simulated using the M
alek method, and Sest
akeBerggren SB(M,N) model, in
which the SB model show fairly good matching with the experimental DTA data. Moreover; the fragility
index is a measure of the GFA of Zn5Se95 chalcogenide glass, which has been estimated using the glass
transitions and activation energy values. We have found that the fragility index of Zn5Se95 glass values in
between ~13 and 30, depending on the heating rate, revealing that the synthesized glass is a strong liquid
with excellent GFA.

The Campanian-Maastrichtian Dakhla Formation consists mainly of dark gray, laminated shale with siltstone and sandstone
inter-beds containing highly organic matter and is a potential source rock. The main objectives of the present research are to
correlate the geochemical characteristics of the Dakhla Formation east and west of the River Nile in Upper Egypt and to discuss
the main reasons for their variations. Fifty-nine samples were collected from the Komombo Basin and examined along with 230
published ditch and core samples from Gebel Duwi. These data indicate that the quality of the Dakhla source rock potentially
varies from fair to good in the Komombo Basin with TOC 0.46–2.66 wt.% and good to excellent in Gebel Duwi with TOC of
2.1–14 wt.%. Additionally, the Dakhla Formation kerogen is type III and type I/II kerogen in the Komombo Basin and Gebel
Duwi, respectively; the organic matter of the Dakhla Formation in the Komombo Basin is mostly of terrigenous origin, while in
Gebel Duwi, it is mostly of marine origin. Based on vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) and Tmax values, the analyzed samples of Dakhla
source rock are in the immature to early mature stage for oil and gas generation in both areas where the Tmax values have a range
of 422–444 °C in the Komombo Basin and 412–435 °C in the Gebel Duwi area, while %Ro values range from 0.43 to 0.78% in
the Komombo Basin.

The Campanian-Maastrichtian Dakhla Formation consists mainly of dark gray, laminated shale with siltstone and sandstone
inter-beds containing highly organic matter and is a potential source rock. The main objectives of the present research are to
correlate the geochemical characteristics of the Dakhla Formation east and west of the River Nile in Upper Egypt and to discuss
the main reasons for their variations. Fifty-nine samples were collected from the Komombo Basin and examined along with 230
published ditch and core samples from Gebel Duwi. These data indicate that the quality of the Dakhla source rock potentially
varies from fair to good in the Komombo Basin with TOC 0.46–2.66 wt.% and good to excellent in Gebel Duwi with TOC of
2.1–14 wt.%. Additionally, the Dakhla Formation kerogen is type III and type I/II kerogen in the Komombo Basin and Gebel
Duwi, respectively; the organic matter of the Dakhla Formation in the Komombo Basin is mostly of terrigenous origin, while in
Gebel Duwi, it is mostly of marine origin. Based on vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) and Tmax values, the analyzed samples of Dakhla
source rock are in the immature to early mature stage for oil and gas generation in both areas where the Tmax values have a range
of 422–444 °C in the Komombo Basin and 412–435 °C in the Gebel Duwi area, while %Ro values range from 0.43 to 0.78% in
the Komombo Basin.

Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) that use the nickel hydroxide-graphene hybrid (NGH) as an anode material and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a cathode material are a promising HSC structure. The NGH electrode is synthesized by one-step, binder-free deposition of a micro-size hydroxide powder and graphite powder mixture on nickel foam by the nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS). The NPDS is classified as a vacuum kinetic spraying approach. The electrochemical performance of the NGH-10 electrode in a 3-electrode cell demonstrates a specific capacitance of 3400 F/g at 1 A/g. The NGH-10//rGO HSC displays a specific capacitance of 180 F/g at 1 mA/cm2 in a high operating potential from 0 V to 1.6 V. The NGH- 10//rGO HSC has an energy density of 64 Wh/kg @ 411 W/kg, and still 20 Wh/kg @ 8230 W/kg.

Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) that use the nickel hydroxide-graphene hybrid (NGH) as an anode material and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a cathode material are a promising HSC structure. The NGH electrode is synthesized by one-step, binder-free deposition of a micro-size hydroxide powder and graphite powder mixture on nickel foam by the nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS). The NPDS is classified as a vacuum kinetic spraying approach. The electrochemical performance of the NGH-10 electrode in a 3-electrode cell demonstrates a specific capacitance of 3400 F/g at 1 A/g. The NGH-10//rGO HSC displays a specific capacitance of 180 F/g at 1 mA/cm2 in a high operating potential from 0 V to 1.6 V. The NGH- 10//rGO HSC has an energy density of 64 Wh/kg @ 411 W/kg, and still 20 Wh/kg @ 8230 W/kg.

ZnS nanocrystals were prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method. The effect of annealing temperature
(Ta) on the morphological, structural and optical absorption behavior was investigated using x-ray diffraction
(XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, selected area electron
diffraction (SAED) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Analysis of XRD patterns for as prepared
and annealed samples showed that, increasing Ta leads to an increase in the crystallite size (D) from 2.67 to
19.6 nm. It is noticed that the obtained values of lattice parameters from HRTEM Images and SAED patterns are
in good agreement with that deduced from XRD analysis. Furthermore, annealing process at 600 oC and 700 oC
results, in complete phase transformation from as prepared ZnS cubic structure to ZnO hexagonal structure.
Analysis of the XRD patterns, SAED, HRTEM and FTIR confirm this phase transition. Analysis of the optical
absorption spectra indicates noticeable decrease in the direct band gap from 4.70 to 3.22 eV with
increasing Ta. This behavior is attributed to the enhancement in crystallinity and the increase in particle size of ZnS nanoparticles. Moreover, UV photo-induced effect on the optical absorption edge was studied.

ZnS nanocrystals were prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method. The effect of annealing temperature
(Ta) on the morphological, structural and optical absorption behavior was investigated using x-ray diffraction
(XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, selected area electron
diffraction (SAED) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Analysis of XRD patterns for as prepared
and annealed samples showed that, increasing Ta leads to an increase in the crystallite size (D) from 2.67 to
19.6 nm. It is noticed that the obtained values of lattice parameters from HRTEM Images and SAED patterns are
in good agreement with that deduced from XRD analysis. Furthermore, annealing process at 600 oC and 700 oC
results, in complete phase transformation from as prepared ZnS cubic structure to ZnO hexagonal structure.
Analysis of the XRD patterns, SAED, HRTEM and FTIR confirm this phase transition. Analysis of the optical
absorption spectra indicates noticeable decrease in the direct band gap from 4.70 to 3.22 eV with
increasing Ta. This behavior is attributed to the enhancement in crystallinity and the increase in particle size of ZnS nanoparticles. Moreover, UV photo-induced effect on the optical absorption edge was studied.