Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanostructure is synthesized without the sulfurization process using a solvothermal technique. The induced effects in the optical properties of the fabricated film of this nanostructure are studied. As XRD analysis revealed the as-prepared film is polycrystalline in nature which indexed in the tetragonal Kesterite structure of the CZTS phase. Optical properties related to solar cell parameters, such as absorption coefficient, penetration depth, Urbach energy, and energy band gap are studied. The absorption coefficient of 1.5 � 105 cm

The present study reports the investigation of the structure and optical properties of Ge10Se90−xAgx (x = 0, 3, 6, 12 and 15 at.%) chalcogenide thin films. This study could help in developing the studied materials for optoelectronic applications. The structural and optical properties of the studied thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and spectrophotometry, respectively. The structural analysis reveals that the studied films are amorphous in nature. On the other hand, the optical studies showed that the composition effect plays an important role in changing the optical parameters of Ge10Se90−xAgx films. The band gap was found to decrease with increasing the Ag content. In addition, the other optical constants and dispersion parameters were affected with changing the composition. The obtained results were discussed in terms of different proposed models.

The present study reports the investigation of the structure and optical properties of Ge10Se90−xAgx (x = 0, 3, 6, 12 and 15 at.%) chalcogenide thin films. This study could help in developing the studied materials for optoelectronic applications. The structural and optical properties of the studied thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and spectrophotometry, respectively. The structural analysis reveals that the studied films are amorphous in nature. On the other hand, the optical studies showed that the composition effect plays an important role in changing the optical parameters of Ge10Se90−xAgx films. The band gap was found to decrease with increasing the Ag content. In addition, the other optical constants and dispersion parameters were affected with changing the composition. The obtained results were discussed in terms of different proposed models.

Thin films of Indeno [1, 2-b] flourene-6,12-dione (I[1, 2-b]F dione) were performed by the thermal vacuum
evaporation technique. The identifications of a thin film such as structure, molecular structure and surface morphological were determined before and after annealing temperature using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffreaction (XRD) and Scan electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectrum showed a diminishing of C═O bonds after annealing treatment. The analysis of XRD clarified that I[1, 2-b]F dione in its powder form is orthorhombic with space group P222. On the other hand, the as-deposited thin films were realized by amorphous nature, while the annealed I[1, 2-b]F dione thin films showed polycrystalline nature. The calculation of the average crystallite sizes proved that the annealed I[1, 2-b]F dione thin films were characterized by their nanostructure property. The SEM images illustrated that the aggregation of the particles has the formation of the nano-rod shape associated with average width in the range of 120–150 nm for the as-deposited thin film, while the average width of the branched nano-rod shape for the annealed thin films was observed to be in the range of 150–200 nm. The transmittance and reflectance spectrum at normal incidence of light in the range 190–2500 nm were employed to discuss the optical properties of as-deposited and the annealed I[1, 2-b]F dione thin films. Our conceptions elucidated that the optical transition type of I[1, 2-b]F dione films is the indirect allowed transition. The values of the fundamental energy gap for the as-deposited and the annealed films at 473 K were calculated out be 3.41 and 3.70 eV respectively. The dispersion of the refractive index was studied according to the single oscillator model. Moreover, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility and the nonlinear refractive index for I[1, 2- b]F dione thin films were calculated.

Thin films of Indeno [1, 2-b] flourene-6,12-dione (I[1, 2-b]F dione) were performed by the thermal vacuum
evaporation technique. The identifications of a thin film such as structure, molecular structure and surface morphological were determined before and after annealing temperature using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffreaction (XRD) and Scan electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectrum showed a diminishing of C═O bonds after annealing treatment. The analysis of XRD clarified that I[1, 2-b]F dione in its powder form is orthorhombic with space group P222. On the other hand, the as-deposited thin films were realized by amorphous nature, while the annealed I[1, 2-b]F dione thin films showed polycrystalline nature. The calculation of the average crystallite sizes proved that the annealed I[1, 2-b]F dione thin films were characterized by their nanostructure property. The SEM images illustrated that the aggregation of the particles has the formation of the nano-rod shape associated with average width in the range of 120–150 nm for the as-deposited thin film, while the average width of the branched nano-rod shape for the annealed thin films was observed to be in the range of 150–200 nm. The transmittance and reflectance spectrum at normal incidence of light in the range 190–2500 nm were employed to discuss the optical properties of as-deposited and the annealed I[1, 2-b]F dione thin films. Our conceptions elucidated that the optical transition type of I[1, 2-b]F dione films is the indirect allowed transition. The values of the fundamental energy gap for the as-deposited and the annealed films at 473 K were calculated out be 3.41 and 3.70 eV respectively. The dispersion of the refractive index was studied according to the single oscillator model. Moreover, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility and the nonlinear refractive index for I[1, 2- b]F dione thin films were calculated.

The effect of film thickness on the structural and optical properties of bisbenzimidazo [2,1-a:2′,1′-a′] anthrax [2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d′e′f′] diisoquinoline-10,21-dione (BI-diisoQ) films was carried out. The morphology of BIdiisoQ film showed a definite shape of a nanorod with a length of around 5 μm and a diameter of approximately 20 nm. Also, X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that BI-diisoQ thin films are characterized by a mixture of amorphous and crystalline structure, whereas the phase-nature crystallization of BI-diisoQ film enhanced as the film thickness increased. The investigation of the absorption coefficient of BI-diisoQ films revealed two indirect allowed band gaps energy. The calculated values of nonlinear optical parameters for BI-diisoQ film were observed to be increased with the increase of film thickness. The optical properties of BI-diisoQ nanorod films indicated that these films have appropriate optical properties, and thus it can be recommended as a promised candidate material in superconductors, optoelectronic and photonic applications.

The aim of this paper is to study some concepts in soft ideal topological spaces related to soft pre ideal open sets. Also, the concepts of a soft pre ideal neighborhood, a soft pre ideal limit point, a soft pre ideal frontier, a soft pre ideal exterior and a soft pre ideal border of a soft set are investigated.

In the present paper, we continue the study on generalized fuzzy soft topological spaces and investigate the properties of generalized fuzzy soft semi open (closed) sets and generalized fuzzy soft semi interior (closure) sets. Also, we introduce generalized fuzzy soft semi continuous mappings and generalized fuzzy soft semi open (closed) mappings which are important for further research on generalized fuzzy soft topology

In the present paper, we continue the study on generalized fuzzy soft topological spaces and investigate the properties of generalized fuzzy soft semi open (closed) sets and generalized fuzzy soft semi interior (closure) sets. Also, we introduce generalized fuzzy soft semi continuous mappings and generalized fuzzy soft semi open (closed) mappings which are important for further research on generalized fuzzy soft topology

In this work, a sensitive and simple electrochemical sensor was constructed for the quantitative analysis of valrubicin (VLB), as a chemotherapy drug, in biological samples based on MWCNTs‐OH, CeO2NPs, AuNPs and functionalized glassy carbon microspheres (FGCM) modified electrode (Au−CeO2@MWCNT‐OH/FGCME). The new nanocomposite Au−CeO2@MWCNT‐OH/FGCM produced an electrocatalytic effect towards the electrochemical oxidation of VLB. The electrochemical behavior of the Au−CeO2@MWCNT‐OH/FGCME was also investigated using EIS and CV. The experimental and operation parameters that affect the sensitivity of the sensor were optimized. SWV was utilized for the electrochemical analysis of VLB. The oxidation peak currents were linearly dependent on the concentration of VLB in the range of 7.10×10−8 M to 5.8×10−7 M. The detection limit of VLB was found to be 1.56×10−9 M which was more sensitive than the reported method. The possible coexistence biological matrix had no interference effect on the determination of VLB. The fabricated sensor was also effectively employed to the sensitive detection of VLB in human body fluids. The interaction of VLB with salmon testes and calf thymus double‐stranded DNA (st‐DNA and ct‐DNA) on Au−CeO2@MWCNT‐OH/FGCME has been further studied by cyclic voltammetry. The corresponding binding constant (K), surface concentration (Γ) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) were computed for the free VLB and the bound VLB‐dsDNA complex. The obtained results revealed that VLB binds to DNA with a high binding constant as well as the K value for VLB‐st‐DNA (K=1.81×105 M−1) is higher than that of VLB‐ct‐DNA (K=4.99×104 M−1).