New heterometallic complex [NiCu(NO3)2(H2O)2] (1) was prepared via the reaction of aqueoussolutions of (oxalic acid, nickel nitrate and copper nitrate). Mixed oxide CuO-NiO was suc-cessfully obtained with different morphological structures (2) and (3) through the annealingof 1 at different temperature 300◦C and 600◦C, respectively. The materials were charac-terized using FT-IR, TGA, XRD and SEM. As showed from XRD data, with increasing thecalcination temperature the crystallinity of CuO-NiO in sample 3 was improved and thediffraction peaks exhibited narrower and stronger than CuO-NiO in sample 2. The averagesize of CuO-NiO crystals obtained was calculated from Debye-Scherrer equation and foundto be 16.65 nm. To assemble the working electrode of 2-aminophenol (2-AP) chemical sensor,a thin layer of CuO-NiO NPs was deposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conduct-ing binder and used to detect 2-AP in aqueous medium successfully. The chemical sensor isexhibited the higher stability, good sensitivity (20.2729 AmM−1cm−2) and enhanced elec-trochemical activity at room conditions. Therefore, the fabricated chemical sensor withactive CuO-NiO NPs may be an effective and sensitive sensor for detection of hazardousmaterials by reliable I–V method for broad scales environmental safety of and healthcaresectors.

New heterometallic complex [NiCu(NO3)2(H2O)2] (1) was prepared via the reaction of aqueoussolutions of (oxalic acid, nickel nitrate and copper nitrate). Mixed oxide CuO-NiO was suc-cessfully obtained with different morphological structures (2) and (3) through the annealingof 1 at different temperature 300◦C and 600◦C, respectively. The materials were charac-terized using FT-IR, TGA, XRD and SEM. As showed from XRD data, with increasing thecalcination temperature the crystallinity of CuO-NiO in sample 3 was improved and thediffraction peaks exhibited narrower and stronger than CuO-NiO in sample 2. The averagesize of CuO-NiO crystals obtained was calculated from Debye-Scherrer equation and foundto be 16.65 nm. To assemble the working electrode of 2-aminophenol (2-AP) chemical sensor,a thin layer of CuO-NiO NPs was deposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conduct-ing binder and used to detect 2-AP in aqueous medium successfully. The chemical sensor isexhibited the higher stability, good sensitivity (20.2729 AmM−1cm−2) and enhanced elec-trochemical activity at room conditions. Therefore, the fabricated chemical sensor withactive CuO-NiO NPs may be an effective and sensitive sensor for detection of hazardousmaterials by reliable I–V method for broad scales environmental safety of and healthcaresectors.

This work describes a selective, facile, economic and fast technique using Ag@PbCO3-NPs for
100% precipitation of anionic dyes within 50–100 s from aqueous solutions. The selectivity of the
present method was examined for removal of hazardous cationic and anionic dyes. Positive results
were obtained only for anionic dyes namely indigo carmine (IC), Congo red (CR), methyl blue
(MB), and eriochrome black T (EBT). Removal dyes mechanism by precipitation process is suggested
and described. Precipitates are filtered and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy. This
work possessed promising results in anionic dyes industrial water treatment.

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tThe current study was conducted to investigate the effect of age hardening on three differ-ent aluminum alloys: AA 6061, AA6013 and AA 5086. Different characterizing and testingtechniques were utilized in this study. The XRD results for 6xxx series demonstrated theMg2Si formation with different orientations after natural and artificial aging (NAT and AAT),while MgZn2phase was depicted in AA 5086 alloy. The friction coefficient of all naturallyaged Al alloys at room temperature (RT) was found to be higher than the friction coefficientof the artificially aged Al alloys at 175◦C. For group series 6xxx the corrosion resistance wasdecreased after the natural aging at RT, while the corrosion resistance was improved afterartificial age treatment at 175◦C for 30 min (AAT). The reduction in the friction coefficientand the growing in the corrosion resistance of the Al alloys after artificial age hardeningmake them potentially be used in many industrial sectors.

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Agricultural productivity faces various challenges that include a combination of (a)biotic stresses. The abiotic stresses include extreme temperature, water stress, light stress, salinity, deficiency in essential nutrients, chemical factors, air pollutants, radiation, wind, latitude, altitude, and other stressors. Damages to a magnitude of 50% of agrarian production come back from abiotic stress. Universal weather alteration and overutilizing naturalistic resources probably amplify the manifold of the inverse effect of abiotic stress. To alleviate the effects of various stressors, suggested strategies involve improved agronomic management, the upbringing of stress-tolerant cultivars, using fertilizer, which may boost the ability for acclimation to stressful medium. In this chapter, we have investigated the effect of salinity from the elevation of the Mediterranean seawater. In Egypt, the rise of the Mediterranean seawater leads to the mixing of surface water with the subsoil water, which leads to the reduction of crop productivity. Here, we introduced a mathematical model to manage the effect of salinity on sugar beet production. The model simulated the laser land leveling in the guided fields of the two Egyptian governorates, one of them located on the Mediterranean Sea, which produces sugar beet. The outcome of that mathematical model increased sugar beet revenue, profit, and rate of return in both governorates. The total sugar beet production cost, water used, and absolute risk decreased. Moreover, the liberation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and consumption of energy reduced.