By increasing the environmental pollution, crop losses, and side effects of chemically synthesized vitamins; new vitamin sources should be included. Through this study, we introduce novel riboflavin bacterial producer Novosphingobium panipatense-SR3 (MT002778) and tested various nutritional factors with interactions effects on the production abilities. Yeast extract, maltose, and glycine were the best nitrogen, carbon, and amino acid sources for enhancing the production, respectively. The interaction between the previous factors with three concentrations of each (+, 0, −) studied statistically using Box–Behnken statistical quadric design 13- run. The perfect interaction increases the production to 497.12 mg/l (predicted 489.45 mg/l) using 30 g/l maltose, 10 g/l yeast extract, and 1 g/l glycine. The F and P- values of the tested model of riboflavin and OD600 indicating significant results with probability ≤ 0.05. Also, the evaluating statistical parameter coefficient (R²) was 0.994 of riboflavin and 0.992 of OD600 with adjusted R² value 0.976, and 0.967, respectively, which indicated that the whole variations were explained highly by the statistical model. The novel producer proved its high riboflavin production ability especially under the optimized conditions comparing with previous producers and represents a new high-speed riboflavin producer that could utilize in the industrial process.

The current observations focused on the ultrastructure comparison between the tongue of two reptile species endemic the Egyptian fauna; Bosc's fringe-toed lizard Acanthodactylus boskianus and Sinai fan-fingered gecko Ptyodactylus guttatus to exhibit the relationship between the lingual epithelium and its function according to their specific feeding strategy. A. boskianus possessed triangular elongated tongue with bifurcated tapering apex and wide base while; the P. guttatus had a triangular flattened tongue with conical shallow bifurcated apex and broad base. The ventral surface of the lingual apex of A. boskianus had transverse while in P. guttatus had two oval pads and median ventral groove. Both surfaces of the tongue of both examined species are covered by stratified squamous epithelium with great variability of degree of keratinization. The dorsal epithelium formed flattened and conical filiform papillae in A. boskianus, while in P. guttatus formed cylindrical papillae, conical, and tall filiform ones. Few taste buds are observed on the fore-tongue but increase on the mid-tongue of A. boskianus, while in P. guttatus, numerous taste buds are distributed on the fore-tongue and mid-tongue. Both surfaces of the laryngeal mound of both examined species provided with numerous of cilia and orifices of laryngeal gland. The present results confirmed that the tongue of A. boskianus acts as a chemoreceptor organ to follow pheromone trails of prey and mates. While in P. guttatus the tongue may play an important role in the feeding mechanism and act as a chemoreceptor organ.

In this paper, a new type of generalized closed sets in ideal bitopological spaces is introduced and studied. Some applications of these sets in connection with certain separation axioms are given.

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Biocompatible luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have several applications in the biology field, such as in detecting biomacromolecules bioprobes and in bio-imaging. Due to their bioactivities and light-emitting properties, many heterocyclic compounds are good candidates for such applications. However, heterocyclic π-conjugated systems with AIE behavior remain rare as strong intermolecular π–π interactions usually quench their emission. In this work, new thienopyrimidine heterocyclic compounds were synthesized and their structures were verified by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ¹³C NMR spectra. The photophysical properties of some compounds were investigated in the solution and solid states. Density functional theory calculations were also performed to confirm the observed photophysical properties of the compounds. The studied dyes displayed AIE properties with spectral shapes related to the aggregate structure and a quantum yield up to 10.8%. The emission efficiency of the powder is attributed to the incorporation of multiply rotatable and twisted aryl groups to the fused heterocyclic moieties. The dyes also showed high thermal stability and potent antimicrobial activities against numerous bacterial and fungal strains. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the new compounds was evaluated against the Caco-2 cell line, and molecular docking was used to investigate the binding conformation of the most effective compound with the MNK2 enzyme. Therefore, the presented structures may potentially be used for bioapplications.

Because of their toxic potential, industrial effluents that contain cobalt ions have become
a severe environmental problem, unless properly treated. This research tends to study
the removal of cobalt from aqueous solution by Synechocystis pevalekii and Scenedesmus
bernardii, grown at different concentrations of Co2+ ions, and to study its impacts on
growth and metabolism. With increased concentrations of Co2+ ions, chlorophyll a, dry
weight, and total lipids decreased. The highest CAT and LOX activity was observed in
both tested algae at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 mgl−1 of Co2+. Langmuir, Freundlich,
Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich sorption isotherms were obtained by Sy. pevalekii
and Sc. bernardii, for the quantitative description of Co2+ uptake. All models studied
are well suited to describe the Co2+ isotherm biosorption equilibrium by Sy. pevalekii
than by Sc. bernardii. Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm suggesting that the adsorption
mechanism was physical in nature. Sy pevalekii was an efficient to remove Co2+ ions than
Sc. bernardii. Nevertheless, affinity constant of Co2+ for Sc. bernardii was higher than that
of Sy. pevalekii, revealing that Sc. bernardii is more sensitive to Co2+ ion toxicity than Sy.
pevalekii. FTIR study of algae before and after biosorption showed the presence of groups
of amide, alkyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl responsible for Co2+ ions biosorption.
This indicates that Sy. pevalekii and Sc. bernardii can be used as a biosorbent for removing
heavy metals from various contaminated sites.

Due to the biological importance of thienopyrimidine derivatives, we present here a synthetic way for the design of new thienopyrimidines (2‒11) using the precursor 2-(4-Oxo-9-phenyl-7-(p-tolylamino)-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4′,5′:4,5]thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine-2-yl)acetohydrazide 1. Spectral analyses techniques (IR,¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR) were utilized to confirm the structures of all synthesized compounds. All the new compounds were screened for their anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity showing significant results compared to the standard drug. A molecular docking approach was utilized to investigate the proposed molecular mechanism of the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds. Drug-like properties were analyzed to highlight the potential oral drug candidates.

Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate numerous cellular processes, including gene transcription, cell division, and DNA damage repair. Most histone PTMs affect the recruitment or exclusion of reader proteins from chromatin. Here, we present a protocol to measure affinity and interaction kinetics between histone peptides and the recombinant protein using Bio-layer interferometry.