A novel series of nanostructured catalysts composed of Al₂O₃ supported on a phosphorous (P) modified mesoporous carbon (ACP) derived from orange peel residues was formed. The formed, 1−7% (w/w) alumina/ACP, catalysts were investigated for conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) as a promising hydrogen carrier. The catalysts were characterized with a group of standard characterization techniques. Increasing of alumina loading caused remarkable structural and textural changes. Thus, new bands due to Al–O–P was detected by ATR−FTIR, which was confirmed by XPS as due to surface AlPO₄ species. However, no crystalline Al₂O₃ and/or AlPO₄ nanoparticles were detected by XRD or HRTEM. Meanwhile, the mesoporous surface texture was preserved. The loading of alumina led to increasing of Brønsted acidic sites population. The catalyst exhibited high conversion of methanol and complete …

Over the past years, non‐stop research and development has continued to find the most suitable bleaching sequence for each source of fibrous raw materials, both wood and non‐wood, by improving mixing technology. In this work, the role of ozone bleaching and nano‐filler loading on the quality of papermaking from sorghum bagasse as an alternative available agriculture residue in Egypt was studied. We bleached the sorghum Kraft pulp using D₀EOD₁ and ZEOD sequences to achieve a final high brightness and suitable mechanical strength. The quality of the pulp obtained is proved to be excellent for paper industry. CaCO₃ nano‐filler was applied on bleached pulp sheets in order to decrease the production costs through increasing filler loading. The FTIR spectrum of this filler loaded on the pulp indicates the existence of some kind of bonds between them. In addition, it was observed that the particle size was …

Wound infections with rising incidences of multi-drug resistant bacteria are among the public health problems worldwide. The current study describes wound dressing materials made from biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) combined with AgNPs and gelatin (AgNPs/Gelatin/PHB). Microbial PHB was mixed with gelatin (1:2) to form a polymer matrix which was loaded with different concentrations of AgNPs (8.3–133 μg/mL). The statistical results of AgNPs synthesizing based on Box-Behnken design revealed that 1.247 mM silver nitrate and 24.054 % of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract concentration at pH (8.07) were the optimum values for the biosynthesis. UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR study and XRD reflects that nanoparticles are formed. The UV–Vis spectroscopy of Gelatin/PHB/AgNPs exhibited two specific bands at 298 nm and 371 nm, which confirm the formation of the conjugate. AgNPs had MICs and MBCs …

The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has recently increased dramatically, seriously endangering human health. Herein, amoxicillin (Amoxi)-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were created as a novel drug delivery system to overcome MDR bacteria. MDR bacteria were isolated from a variety of infection sources. Phenotype, biotype, and 16S rRNA gene analyses were used for isolate identification. Additionally, Juniperus excelsa was used for the production of AuNPs. The conjugation of AuNPs with Amoxi using sodium tri-polyphosphate (TPP) as a linker to produce Amoxi-TPP-AuNPs was studied. The AuNP and Amoxi-TPP-AuNP diameters ranged from 15.99 to 24.71 nm, with spherical and hexagonal shapes. A total of 83% of amoxicillin was released from Amoxi-TPP-AuNPs after 12 h, and after 3 days, 90% of the medication was released. The Amoxi-TPP-AuNPs exhibited superior antibacterial effectiveness against MRSA and MDR E. coli strains. Amoxi-TPP-AuNPs had MICs of 3.6–8 µg mL⁻¹ against the tested bacteria. This is 37.5–83 fold higher compared to values reported in the literature. Amoxi-TPP-AuNPs exhibit a remarkable ability against MRSA and E. coli strains. These results demonstrate the applicability of Amoxi-TPP-AuNPs as a drug delivery system to improve therapeutic action.

This paper presents an extension to the Cole–Hopf barycentric Gegenbauer
integral pseudospectral (PS) method (CHBGPM) presented in Elgindy
and Dahy [High-order numerical solution of viscous Burgers’ equation using
a Cole–Hopf barycentric Gegenbauer integral pseudospectral method, Math.
Methods Appl. Sci. 41 (2018), pp. 6226–6251] to solve an initial-boundary
value problem of Burgers’ typewhenthe boundary function k defined at the
right boundary of the spatial domain vanishes at a finite set of real numbers
or on a single/multiple subdomain(s) of the solution domain. We present a
new strategy that is computationally more efficient than that presented in
[12] in the former case, and can be implemented successfully in the latter
case when the method of [12] fails to work. Moreover, fully exponential convergence
rates are still preserved in both spatial and temporal directions if
the boundary function k is sufficiently smooth. Numerical comparisons with
other traditional methods in the literature are presented to confirm the efficiency
of the proposed method. A numerical study of the condition number
of the linear systems produced by the method is included.

This paper presents an accurate exponential tempered fractional spectral collocation method
(TFSCM) to solve one-dimensional and time-dependent tempered fractional partial differential
equations (TFPDEs). We use a family of tempered fractional Sturm–Liouville
eigenproblems (TFSLP) as a basis and the fractional Lagrange interpolants (FLIs) that generally
satisfy the Kronecker delta (KD) function at the employed collocation points. Firstly,
we drive the corresponding tempered fractional differentiation matrices (TFDMs). Then, we
treat with various linear and nonlinear TFPDEs, among them, the space-tempered fractional
advection and diffusion problem, the time-space tempered fractional advection–diffusion
problem (TFADP), the multi-term time-space tempered fractional problems, and the timespace
tempered fractional Burgers’ equation (TFBE) to investigate the numerical capability
of the fractional collocation method. The study includes a numerical examination of the
produced condition number $\kappa (A)$ of the linear systems. The accuracy and efficiency of the
proposed method are studied from the standpoint of the $L^{\infty}$-norm error and exponential rate
of spectral convergence.

This paper focuses on presenting an accurate, stable, efficient, and fast pseudospectral
method to solve tempered fractional differential equations (TFDEs) in both spatial and temporal
dimensions. We employ the Chebyshev interpolating polynomial for g at Gauss–Lobatto (GL) points
in the range [?1, 1] and any identically shifted range. The proposed method carries with it a recast
of the TFDE into integration formulas to take advantage of the adaptation of the integral operators,
hence avoiding the ill-conditioning and reduction in the convergence rate of integer differential
operators. Via various tempered fractional differential applications, the present technique shows
many advantages; for instance, spectral accuracy, a much higher rate of running, fewer computational
hurdles and programming, calculating the tempered-derivative/integral of fractional order, and its
spectral accuracy in comparison with other competitive numerical schemes. The study includes
stability and convergence analyses and the elapsed times taken to construct the collocation matrices
and obtain the numerical solutions, as well as a numerical examination of the produced condition
number $k(A)% of the resulting linear systems. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are
studied from the standpoint of the $L_2$ and $L_{\infty}$-norms error and the fast rate of spectral convergence.