The present study aimed to investigate changes in the protein contents using SDS-PAGE, also using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) assay to identify changes in DNA concentra- tion in the embryos of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis. Our experiment started when tadpoles began to feed. The adapted embryos were divided into 3 large tanks of 200 embryos each, collections of samples started from feeding age every three days. Cluster method was used to indicate the dis- tinct distance between the band patterns of different stages. An increase occurred in the concen- tration of protein fractions in these tadpoles upon metamorphosis and that when metamorphosis was completed. DNA concentration exhibited an evident low values at the premetamorphic stage 44 (105.85 ± 0.519 ng/µl) compared with the other more advanced developmental stages 55 and 56 (204.056 ± 0.651 ng/µl and 234.55 ± 2.325 ng/µl respectively). In conclusion, acquire informa- tion about the changes in the molecular content of Bufo regularis during metamorphosis has been estimated.

The present study aimed to investigate changes in the protein contents using SDS-PAGE, also using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) assay to identify changes in DNA concentra- tion in the embryos of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis. Our experiment started when tadpoles began to feed. The adapted embryos were divided into 3 large tanks of 200 embryos each, collections of samples started from feeding age every three days. Cluster method was used to indicate the dis- tinct distance between the band patterns of different stages. An increase occurred in the concen- tration of protein fractions in these tadpoles upon metamorphosis and that when metamorphosis was completed. DNA concentration exhibited an evident low values at the premetamorphic stage 44 (105.85 ± 0.519 ng/µl) compared with the other more advanced developmental stages 55 and 56 (204.056 ± 0.651 ng/µl and 234.55 ± 2.325 ng/µl respectively). In conclusion, acquire informa- tion about the changes in the molecular content of Bufo regularis during metamorphosis has been estimated.

The effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on the growth and haematological parameters of the Nile catfish; Clarias gariepinus exposed to food shortage stress were investigated. S. platensis was added to the basal diet at 0.0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g Spirulina /kg diet and fed for two months to the Nile catfish. Our results showed that the final fish weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of C. gariepinus fed on the experimental diets were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The fish fed on Spirulina diets exhibited higher RBC’s counts, WBC’s counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels as compared with stressed fish and control. The feeding dietary Spirulina resulted in significant decreases in mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin and neutrophils, while, the mean cell haemoglobin concentration was not affected. The platelets and monocytes were increased with Spirulina levels increase. A significant decrease in eosinophils and small lymphocytes were observed in the fish treated with Spirulina, however, the large lymphocytes were increased. The percentage of altered erythrocytes of fish treated with Spirulina was significantly decreased in comparison to stressed fish and control. We can conclude that Spirulina supplementation is promising for improving the hametological parameters in Clarias gariepinus, as immun-inducer and growth factor in food ingredients for fish feeding

The effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on the growth and haematological parameters of the Nile catfish; Clarias gariepinus exposed to food shortage stress were investigated. S. platensis was added to the basal diet at 0.0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g Spirulina /kg diet and fed for two months to the Nile catfish. Our results showed that the final fish weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of C. gariepinus fed on the experimental diets were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The fish fed on Spirulina diets exhibited higher RBC’s counts, WBC’s counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels as compared with stressed fish and control. The feeding dietary Spirulina resulted in significant decreases in mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin and neutrophils, while, the mean cell haemoglobin concentration was not affected. The platelets and monocytes were increased with Spirulina levels increase. A significant decrease in eosinophils and small lymphocytes were observed in the fish treated with Spirulina, however, the large lymphocytes were increased. The percentage of altered erythrocytes of fish treated with Spirulina was significantly decreased in comparison to stressed fish and control. We can conclude that Spirulina supplementation is promising for improving the hametological parameters in Clarias gariepinus, as immun-inducer and growth factor in food ingredients for fish feeding

Tapered optical fibers are promising one-dimensional nanophotonic waveguides that can provide efficient coupling between their fundamental mode and quantum nanoemitters placed inside them. Here, we present numerical studies on the coupling of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers (single point dipoles) in nanodiamonds with tapered fibers. Our results lead to two important conclusions: (1) A maximum coupling efficiency of 53.4% can be realized for the two fiber ends when the NV bare dipole is located at the center of the tapered fiber. (2) NV centers even in 100-nm-sized nanodiamonds where bulk-like optical properties were reported show a coupling efficiency of 22% at the taper surface, with the coupling efficiency monotonically decreasing as the nanodiamond size increases. These results will be helpful in guiding the development of hybrid quantum devices for applications in quantum information science.

Thin films of As46Te46S8 with different thicknesses were prepared via thermal evaporation onto chemically cleaned glass substrates at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction of the deposited film at room temperature revealed the formation of an amorphous structure. In addition, the selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed the amorphous phase. The mechanism of the optical absorption was observed to follow the rule of direct transition. An increase in the optical gap (E0) from 2.35 to 2.73 eV was observed when the substrate temperature TS was varied from room temperature to 463 K (film thickness = 100 nm). In addition, E0 was observed to be dependent on the film thickness and increased from 1.7 to 2.38 eV when the film thickness was increased from 35 to 135 nm (TS = room temperature). The effect of TS on the electrical properties was also studied. The electrical resistivity (ρ) and the activation energy for conduction ( E ) decreased from 7.74 x105 to 6.81 x 102 Ω cm and from 0.55 to 0.15 eV, respectively, when TS increased from room temperature to 448 K (film thickness = 100 nm). The Mott and Davis model for the density of states in amorphous solids was used to interpret and discuss the results.

Thin films of As46Te46S8 with different thicknesses were prepared via thermal evaporation onto chemically cleaned glass substrates at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction of the deposited film at room temperature revealed the formation of an amorphous structure. In addition, the selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed the amorphous phase. The mechanism of the optical absorption was observed to follow the rule of direct transition. An increase in the optical gap (E0) from 2.35 to 2.73 eV was observed when the substrate temperature TS was varied from room temperature to 463 K (film thickness = 100 nm). In addition, E0 was observed to be dependent on the film thickness and increased from 1.7 to 2.38 eV when the film thickness was increased from 35 to 135 nm (TS = room temperature). The effect of TS on the electrical properties was also studied. The electrical resistivity (ρ) and the activation energy for conduction ( E ) decreased from 7.74 x105 to 6.81 x 102 Ω cm and from 0.55 to 0.15 eV, respectively, when TS increased from room temperature to 448 K (film thickness = 100 nm). The Mott and Davis model for the density of states in amorphous solids was used to interpret and discuss the results.

Previous studies have examined the effects of gamma-radiation on Japanese fish, in particular medaka(Oryzias latipes). In the present work, alterations in erythrocytes were recorded as haematological bio-indicators of exposure to gamma-radiation. After exposure of medaka fish to two different doses ofradiation (2 Gy and 10 Gy), many malformations in red blood cells were observed in the irradiatedfish compared with control fish. These malformations included acanthocytes, crenated cells, amoeboidcells, and sickle cells. More malformations were seen at the higher radiation dose. No micronuclei wereseen in any group, but nuclear abnormalities were observed. We conclude that gamma-radiation causesmorphological malformations of erythrocytes and is harmful to medaka fish.