A new method for synthesizing 4amino3methyl1phenyl1H5substituted thieno[2,3c]pyrazole was reported. The substituted groups at position 5 include carbonitrile, carboxamide, Nphenyl carboxamide, and benzoyl groups. The newly synthesized compounds and their derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy (IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectra). Furthermore, some of these synthesized com pounds were screened against various pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The results demonstrate that most of the synthesized compounds possess a significant antibacterial activity against grampositive and gramnegative bacteria. In addition, most of these compounds showed a remarkable antifungal activity. On the other hand, some of the synthesized compounds possess high antiinflammatory activity, which was dem onstrated using the carrageenaninduced rat paw edema assay.

A new method for synthesizing 4amino3methyl1phenyl1H5substituted thieno[2,3c]pyrazole was reported. The substituted groups at position 5 include carbonitrile, carboxamide, Nphenyl carboxamide, and benzoyl groups. The newly synthesized compounds and their derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy (IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectra). Furthermore, some of these synthesized com pounds were screened against various pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The results demonstrate that most of the synthesized compounds possess a significant antibacterial activity against grampositive and gramnegative bacteria. In addition, most of these compounds showed a remarkable antifungal activity. On the other hand, some of the synthesized compounds possess high antiinflammatory activity, which was dem onstrated using the carrageenaninduced rat paw edema assay.

The present work aimed to synthesize a new interesting series of thiazole based polyamides containing diarylidenecyclohexanone moiety 5a−5f using low temperature solution polycondensation technique. The new polymers were synthesized by the reaction of thiazole based monomer namely, bis(2-aminothiazol-4-ylbenzylidene)cyclohexanone 3 with different aliphatic and aromatic diacid chlorides using NMP, and in the presence of anhydrous LiCl as catalyst. Adipoyl, sebacoyl, oxaloyl, terephthaloyl, isophthaloyl dichlorides and biphenyl dicarbonyl dichloride were used as diacid chlorides. The structure of the model compound 4 as well as the new polymers was confirmed by correct elemental and spectral analyses. The thermal properties of those polymers were evaluated by TGA and DTG measurements and correlated to their structural units, beside X-ray diffraction analysis, solubility and viscometry measurements. The inherent viscosities for the synthesized polymers were in the range 0.6–1.03 dL/g. On the other hand the corrosion inhibitive properties of monomer 3 as well as polyamides 5d and 5f as selected examples were carried out on carbon-steel in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 at 40 °C. The calculated inhibition efficiency (IE%) for polymer 5d was in the range (82 ± 6)% in all selected concentrations. The best value of IE% was obtained at 1 mg/L to reach 98.24% for polymer 5d and at 0.5 mg/L to reach 87.75% for polymer 5f.

The present work aimed to synthesize a new interesting series of thiazole based polyamides containing diarylidenecyclohexanone moiety 5a−5f using low temperature solution polycondensation technique. The new polymers were synthesized by the reaction of thiazole based monomer namely, bis(2-aminothiazol-4-ylbenzylidene)cyclohexanone 3 with different aliphatic and aromatic diacid chlorides using NMP, and in the presence of anhydrous LiCl as catalyst. Adipoyl, sebacoyl, oxaloyl, terephthaloyl, isophthaloyl dichlorides and biphenyl dicarbonyl dichloride were used as diacid chlorides. The structure of the model compound 4 as well as the new polymers was confirmed by correct elemental and spectral analyses. The thermal properties of those polymers were evaluated by TGA and DTG measurements and correlated to their structural units, beside X-ray diffraction analysis, solubility and viscometry measurements. The inherent viscosities for the synthesized polymers were in the range 0.6–1.03 dL/g. On the other hand the corrosion inhibitive properties of monomer 3 as well as polyamides 5d and 5f as selected examples were carried out on carbon-steel in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 at 40 °C. The calculated inhibition efficiency (IE%) for polymer 5d was in the range (82 ± 6)% in all selected concentrations. The best value of IE% was obtained at 1 mg/L to reach 98.24% for polymer 5d and at 0.5 mg/L to reach 87.75% for polymer 5f.

In this study we have investigated the heat induced denaturation of HSA byutilizing spectroscopic approaches including fluorescence and circular dichroism. Thermal denaturation of N isomer (domain I-III remains intact), B isomer (loss of helical structure of interdomain contacts) and I state (domain II intact) was found to be co-operative processes while for F isomer domains unfold non-cooperatively. These finding pointed out that during N-F transition, HSA suffers more structural alterationswhich are not localized only to domain III. Loss of secondary structure in the temperature range 20-60 0C without effecting tertiary structure of N isomer of HSA is mainly due to loss in helical extensions connecting domain I to II and domain II to III. All the four thermally denatured states (60-96 0C) of HSA retained approximately 50% residual alpha helical structures. Near-UV CD used as a probe for tertiary structure indicated that heat denatured states lost almost all of the tertiary contacts,thereby forming molten globule like states. Furthermore, our results provide evidence that residual helical structuresare mainly located in domain II.

Optical density, chlorophyll, carotenoids and oil contents were the highest at 10 mM malonate; higher concentrations were inhibitory (with few exceptions). Rates of respiratory oxygen uptake also decreased at malonate concentrations above 10 mM. Dry mass was, however, continually increasing by increased malonate concentrations. Free glycerol contents have not been generally altered by malonate concentrations, with few exceptions. The above-mentioned observations were consistent at all of the studied species (local isolates of Chlorococcum humicola, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Scenedesmus acutiformis and Scenedesmus quadricauda), except in the dry mass of Chlamydomonas (SAG isolate (Samlung für Algen kulturen). The inhibitory action on respiration by malonate concentration above 10 mM was accompanied by lipoid decrease. Thus, the hypothesis of competitive inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SD) by malonate, with increased acetyl CoA and subsequently triglycerides, is ruled out at malonate concentration above 10 mM. Increased oil yield at ≤ 10 mM malonate resulted from increased culture cell density along with increased oil content per cell. Doubling oil and dry mass contents in one litre (10 mM) of the studied algae roughly costs 0.23€.

Optical density, chlorophyll, carotenoids and oil contents were the highest at 10 mM malonate; higher concentrations were inhibitory (with few exceptions). Rates of respiratory oxygen uptake also decreased at malonate concentrations above 10 mM. Dry mass was, however, continually increasing by increased malonate concentrations. Free glycerol contents have not been generally altered by malonate concentrations, with few exceptions. The above-mentioned observations were consistent at all of the studied species (local isolates of Chlorococcum humicola, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Scenedesmus acutiformis and Scenedesmus quadricauda), except in the dry mass of Chlamydomonas (SAG isolate (Samlung für Algen kulturen). The inhibitory action on respiration by malonate concentration above 10 mM was accompanied by lipoid decrease. Thus, the hypothesis of competitive inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SD) by malonate, with increased acetyl CoA and subsequently triglycerides, is ruled out at malonate concentration above 10 mM. Increased oil yield at ≤ 10 mM malonate resulted from increased culture cell density along with increased oil content per cell. Doubling oil and dry mass contents in one litre (10 mM) of the studied algae roughly costs 0.23€.

Optical density, chlorophyll, carotenoids and oil contents were the highest at 10 mM malonate; higher concentrations were inhibitory (with few exceptions). Rates of respiratory oxygen uptake also decreased at malonate concentrations above 10 mM. Dry mass was, however, continually increasing by increased malonate concentrations. Free glycerol contents have not been generally altered by malonate concentrations, with few exceptions. The above-mentioned observations were consistent at all of the studied species (local isolates of Chlorococcum humicola, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Scenedesmus acutiformis and Scenedesmus quadricauda), except in the dry mass of Chlamydomonas (SAG isolate (Samlung für Algen kulturen). The inhibitory action on respiration by malonate concentration above 10 mM was accompanied by lipoid decrease. Thus, the hypothesis of competitive inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SD) by malonate, with increased acetyl CoA and subsequently triglycerides, is ruled out at malonate concentration above 10 mM. Increased oil yield at ≤ 10 mM malonate resulted from increased culture cell density along with increased oil content per cell. Doubling oil and dry mass contents in one litre (10 mM) of the studied algae roughly costs 0.23€.