تم جمع تسعين عينة من القشدة الخام والمبسترة والمخفوقة (بواقع 30 عينة من كل نوع) وذلك من بيوت الفلاحين والسوبر ماركت وكذلك من محلات بيع الحلويات والمخبوزات بمحافظة أسيوط. وذلك لفحصها ميكولوجيا لمعرفة مدى تلوثها بالفطريات وكذلك لمعرفة مدى قدرة بعض الفطريات الملوثة على إفراز إنزيمى الإنفرتيز والبروتييز لما لهما من تأثيرات على طعم ورائحة المنتج النهائي. وقد تبين من الفحص أن عينات القشدة الخام أكثر تلوثا من القشدة المبسترة والمخفوقة حيث كان عدد الفطريات فى الثلاثة أنواع من القشدة على مستنبتى 2% سكروز شابكس آجار (2% sucrose Czapek’s agar) ومستخلص المولت آجار (Malt extract agar) (115 ، 85) ، (65 ، 65) و (75 ، 79 مستعمرة فى الجرام) فى القشدة الخام والمبسترة والمخفوقة ، على التوالى. وقد تم عزل 41 نوع من الفطريات منتمية إلى 17 جنسا كان أكثرها انتشارا الأسبرجلس ، البنيسيليوم ، الألترناريا والريزوبس.
هذا وقد تم اختبار 38 عزلة ممثلة 17 نوعا منتمية إلى 8 أجناس لمعرفة مقدرتها على إفراز إنزيمى الانفرتيز والبروتييز وقد وجد أن 34 عزلة منهم (89.5%) قادرة على إفراز إنزيم الانفرتيز على النحو التالى ، 24 عزلة متوسطة الإفراز تنتمي لأجناس الألترناريا ، الأسبرجيلس ، الكلادوسبوريم ، الابيكوكم ، الفيوزيريم ، البنيسيليوم ، واليولوكلاديم ، 10 عزلات ضعيفة الإفراز ، أما بالنسبة لإنزيم البروتييز فقد تمكنت 24 عزلة (63.2%) من إفرازه بدرجات متفاوتة حيث أعطت 7 عزلات أعلى نسبة إفراز ممثلة في فطر البنيسيليوم ، اليولوكلاديوم ألترنارى و 5 عزلات متوسطة الإفراز وانتمت لأجناس الألترناريا ، الفيوزاريم ، البنيسيليوم واليولوكلاديوم بينما كانت 12 عزلة ضعيفة الإفراز. هذا وقد تمت مناقشة الأهمية الصحية والاقتصادية لهذه الفطريات وطرق الحفاظ على المنتج.

لتقييم الحالة الميكولوجية للانشون (الدجاج واللحوم( تم جمع 40 عينة عشوائية من مدينة أسيوط (20 عينة لكل نوع( وقد تم العد بإستخدام طريقة الزرع على الوسط الغذائي داى كلوران روز بنجال أجار والتحضين عند درجة 28ºم لمدة تتراوح من 5-7 أيام وقد أظهرت النتائج أن كل العينات المستخدمة كانت عالية التلوث بالفطريات حيث تم التعرف على عدد 35 فصيلة تابعة لــ 14 جنس وكان أكثرها شيوعا الأسبرجيلس نيجر ، فلافس، بارازيتيكس ثم تلاها فى الظهور بنيسيليوم كريزوجينم ، كوريلوفيلم ثم ألترناريا ألترناتا وميوكر سيرسينيلويدس بينما كان اسبرجيلس فيوميجيتس وميليس وتمارياى وبنيسيليوم سترينم أقلها شيوعا. وقد تم اختبار 54 عزلة تابعة لــ 26 فصيلة للتعرف على مقدرتها على إفراز انزيمى الليبيز والبروتيز وقد أظهرت النتائج أن النسبة كانت 81.5٪ , 72.5٪ من العزلات المستخدمة لها القدرة على إفراز الإنزيمين على التوالي. وقد تمت مناقشة الأهمية الصحية والاقتصادية للفطريات والطرق المتبعة لمنع تلوث المنتج.

Two similar sets of Zn1-xBixO ceramic varistors
with various x values (0.00≤x≤0.20) have been prepared by
using Bi2O3 additions with two different sizes. In the first set,
Bi2O3 nanoparticles (≈200 nm) were used, while Bi2O3 microparticles
(≈5 μm) were used in the second set. It was found
that addition of Bi up to 5 % for both sets did not affect the
wurtzite-type hexagonal structure of ZnO, but with increasing
Bi above 5 %, some unknown lines were clearly observed in
XRD spectra. The grain sizes are increased in both sets with
increasing Bi content up to 2.5 %, followed by a decrease with
further increase of Bi up to 20 %, and their values for microparticle
additions were larger than that of the sets containing
nanoparticle additions. Two nonlinear regions were formed in
the I–V curves of ZnO due to Bi2O3 nanoparticle additions
above 5 %. However, this behavior was completely absent in
the samples containing Bi2O3 microparticles. Moreover, the
breakdown field and nonlinear coefficient decreased with
Bi2O3 addition up to 5%for both sets, followed by an increase
with further increase of Bi up to 20 %, and their values were
higher for nanoparticle additions than that of microparticles. A
reverse behavior was recorded for the electrical conductivity.
The results have been discussed in terms of Bi2O3 nanosize
grains which may be localized at the grain boundaries of ZnO
ceramics.

We visualized a curvature path as a portion of irregular arc during the motion of particles with velocity v which is comparable to the speed of light c. This is slightly conflicts with the calculations of Lorentz's time dilation and reflects a new considered type of movement for the motion of objects without falling under the influence of other forces but under the impact of the movement of the body itself. We succeed to modify Lorentz's relativistic coefficient
ɣ
for time dilation in terms of
Khbh

224
formula for obtaining the length of irregular arc, where b and h are their base and height, and K is a constant. The relativistic Lorentz's coefficient
)221(1
cv

becomes
)221(2)]221)(24(2[
cvcv K K K


. The calculated values of relativistic time t, Lorentz's relativistic coefficient
ɣ
and path length
ℓ
for muons are 17.29 µs, 7.92 and 5135.13 m, which are higher than that of Lorentz's (15.574 µs, 7.09 and 4625.48 m). Our results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of spiral path motion and understand a new meaning of speed changing spatially not temporally.

We report here a new possible two formulas for obtaining the length of irregular arc
ℓ
in terms of their base
b
and height
h
. The first formula is obtained by applying the law of cosines and intersecting chord theory and
ℓ
is given by
)416228422321(1cos)242(31018.2
hhbbbhhhb

. While the other is obtained by applying Pythagorean theory and
ℓ
is given by
Khbh

224
with an error of
2)2(
bh K

, where K is a constant and equal 0.313165528 and can be used only in case of 2h
<
b. Finally, the earth circumference is calculated by using the two formulas and their values are 39910.0252 Km and 39999.5504 Km, which is consistent with the reported elsewhere (39992.1984 km).

The influence of heat treatment on the phase decomposition and the grain size of Co–10 at% Cu alloy were studied. Few samples were aged in a furnace for either 3 or 5 h and then quenched in iced water. The materials and phase compositions were investigated using energy dispersive
spectrometry and X-ray diffraction techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the samples contained Co, Cu, CuO, CoCu2O3, CoCuO2 phases in different proportions depending on the heat treatment regimes. The formation of dendrite Co phase rendered the spinodal decomposition while the oxidations prevent the initiation of the spinodal decomposition even for a deep long aging inside the miscibility gap. Since the Bragg reflections from different phases of Co–Cu alloy significantly overlap, the crystal structural parameters were refined with FULLPROF program. The shifts in the refined lattice constants (a, bandc), the space group and the grain size were found to be phase- and heat treatment-dependant. Two-dimensional computer simulations were conducted to study the phase decomposition of Co–Cu binary alloy systems. The excess free energy as well as the strain energy, without a priori knowledge of the shape or the position of the new phase, was precisely
evaluated. The results indicate that the morphology and the shape of the microstructure agree with SEM observation.

The vector analyzing power and differential cross-section for the elastic scattering of 8He
nucleus from polarized protons at 71MeV/nucleon have been analyzed in the framework
of the optical model potentials. Microscopic single folding (SF) optical potentials (OP)
have been constructed based upon two different effective nucleon–nucleon (NN) interactions,
namely Jeukenne–Lejeune–Mahaux (JLM) and BDM3Y1 effective interactions.
The effect of 8He nuclear structure has been tested through two different choices of
the nuclear density distribution. It is concluded that the nucleus 8He may be considered
as a thick skin exotic nucleus. In order to investigate the vector analyzing power
data, besides the Thomas phenomenological representation, three different forms of the
spin–orbit (SO) part of the OP have been considered. These forms are based directly or
indirectly upon the density distribution of 8He nucleus. It is found that SO potentials
of larger root mean square radii are able to successfully describe the vector analyzing
power data more than those of shorter radii.

In this study, we have reported the effect of nonionic, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic detergents on the enzymatic activity and structural stability of Rhizopus niveus lipase. Secondary structural changes were monitored by Far-UV CD which shows that surfactant induces helicity in the Rhizopus niveus lipase protein which was maximum in case of CTAB followed by SDS, CHAPS, and Brij-35. Similarly, tertiary structural changes were monitored by tryptophan fluorescence. We also carried out enzyme kinetics assays which showed that activity was enhanced by 1.5- and 1.1-fold in the presence of CHAPS and Brij-35, respectively. Furthermore, there was a decline in activity by 20 and 30 % in case of SDS and CTAB, respectively. These studies may be helpful in understanding detergent-lipase interaction in greater detail as lipases are used in many industrial processes.

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of antibiotics of rifamycin SV (RSV) and rifampicin (RIF) was investigated by cyclic
voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry using a renewable pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The nature of the
oxidation process of RSV and RIF taking place at the PGE was characterized. The results show that the determination
of highly sensitive oxidation peak current is the basis of a simple, accurate and rapid method for quantification of RSV
and RIF in bulk forms, pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids by differential pulse adsorptive stripping
voltammetry (DPASV). Factors influencing the trace measurement of RSV and RIF at PGE are assessed. The limits of
detection for the determination of RSV and RIF in bulk forms are 6.0 × 10–8 mol/L and 1.3 × 10–8 mol/L, respectively.
Moreover, the proposed procedure was successfully applied to assay both RSV and RIF in pharmaceutical formulations
and in biological fluids. The capability of the proposed procedure for simultaneous assay of antibiotics RSV-isoniazid
and RIF-isoniazid was achieved. The statistical analysis and calibration curve data for trace determination of RSV and
RIF are reported.