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Friedel–Crafts chemistry. Part 64. Facile syntheses of fused azepinoindoles by Jourdan–Ullmann and Friedel–Crafts approaches

Research Abstract

Facile and concise procedures for the construction of indole fused N-heterocyclic systems were described. A series of benzo-, pyrido-, thieno-, naphtho-fused azepinoindolones and indolo-azepinoquinolinones has been prepared starting from indol-2-acetic acids. The required starting carboxylic acids 3ae were readily obtained by the N-arylations of indoleacetic acid 1 with various aromatic halides 2ae. Subsequent carboxylic acids were esterified, followed by the addition of Grignard reagents to afford the corresponding indole-based alcohols 5ae. The key step in this protocol is the Friedel–Crafts cyclisations of these precursors promoted by AlCl3/CH3NO2 or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) or polyphosphoric acid (PPA) catalysts to form the desired condensed indoles in moderate to good yields.

Research Authors
Hassan Abdou kotb Abd El-Aal
Research Date
Research Department
Research Journal
Australian Journal of Chemistry
Research Pages
1-15
Research Publisher
CSIRO PUBLISHING
Research Website
https://www.publish.csiro.au/CH/CH25003
Research Year
2025