A comprehensive review with 185 references for the analysis of commonly prescribed members of an important class of drugs, non-sedating antihistamines (NSAs), is presented. The review covers most of the methods described for the analysis of cetirizine (CTZ), ebastine (EBS), fexofenadine (FXD), ketotifen (KET) and loratadine (LOR) in pure forms, in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids. The review covers the period from 1991 till now.

A comprehensive review with 185 references for the analysis of commonly prescribed members of an important class of drugs, non-sedating antihistamines (NSAs), is presented. The review covers most of the methods described for the analysis of cetirizine (CTZ), ebastine (EBS), fexofenadine (FXD), ketotifen (KET) and loratadine (LOR) in pure forms, in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids. The review covers the period from 1991 till now.

A comprehensive review with 185 references for the analysis of commonly prescribed members of an important class of drugs, non-sedating antihistamines (NSAs), is presented. The review covers most of the methods described for the analysis of cetirizine (CTZ), ebastine (EBS), fexofenadine (FXD), ketotifen (KET) and loratadine (LOR) in pure forms, in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids. The review covers the period from 1991 till now.

Five xanthone derivatives and one flavanol were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of Garcinia mangostana. Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate extract and the major xanthone (α-mangostin) were evaluated in vitro against erythrocytic schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum, intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi and free trypomastigotes of T. brucei. The major constituent α-mangostin was also checked for antimicrobial potential against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillius subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. cheleneoi, M. xenopi and M. intracellulare. Activity against P. falciparum (IC50 2.7 μg/mL) and T. brucei (IC50 0.5 μg/mL) were observed for the dichloromethane extract, however, with only moderate selectivity was seen based on a parallel cytotoxicity evaluation on MRC-5 cells (IC50 9.4 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate extract was inactive (IC50 > 30 μg/mL). The major constituent α-mangostin showed rather high cytotoxicity (IC50 7.5 μM) and a broad but non-selective antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activity profile. This in vitro study endorses that the antiprotozoal and antimicrobial potential of prenylated xanthones is non-conclusive in view of the low level of selectivity.

Selective cytotoxic effect toward tumor cells but not the normal tissues represent a major challenge in cancer drug discovery. Herein, we describe the synthesis and selective antitumor activity of some HHT. All the synthesized compounds showed a good antitumor activity against leukemia K562 cells. In regard to cytotoxicity in normal cells, compounds (1-11) showed no cytotoxic effect within 200 μM range, however compounds 12-16 showed non-selective cytotoxic effect.

Selective cytotoxic effect toward tumor cells but not the normal tissues represent a major challenge in cancer drug discovery. Herein, we describe the synthesis and selective antitumor activity of some HHT. All the synthesized compounds showed a good antitumor activity against leukemia K562 cells. In regard to cytotoxicity in normal cells, compounds (1-11) showed no cytotoxic effect within 200 μM range, however compounds 12-16 showed non-selective cytotoxic effect.

Selective cytotoxic effect toward tumor cells but not the normal tissues represent a major challenge in cancer drug discovery. Herein, we describe the synthesis and selective antitumor activity of some HHT. All the synthesized compounds showed a good antitumor activity against leukemia K562 cells. In regard to cytotoxicity in normal cells, compounds (1-11) showed no cytotoxic effect within 200 μM range, however compounds 12-16 showed non-selective cytotoxic effect.

In the course of our screening program for new bioactive compounds from our natural product library, a number of ‘talented’ strains were discovered based on their bioactivity spectrum or novel peaks on liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS) analysis. A Streptomyces sp. LS1924 strain was found to have the ability to produce bioactive metabolites and was selected to be studied further leading to the discovery of LS1924A (1), a new analog of emycins, together with three known compounds of angucyclinone family. In this paper, we report the fermentation, isolation, chemical characterization of these compounds and the bioactivity of the new compound.

Seventeen daucane sesquiterpenoid esters, including a new one (4), were isolated from the root of Ferula hermonis Boiss. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and correlated with known compounds. The relative stereochemistry of the new compound was determined using 2D NOESY and the most stable and the lowest energy conformation was determined using molecular modelling. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by determination of MIC using the broth microdilution method against six bacterial strains and one fungal strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Candida albicans SC5314). There was a significant indication that compounds 15, 16, 17 demonstrated potent activity against Gram +ve (S. aureus, B. subtilis), as well as Mycobacterium strains M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. None of the isolated compounds exhibited a significant antifungal activity. In the antioxidant study using the DPPH assay method, the highest radical scavenging activity was observed for compounds 15, 16, 17.

Seventeen daucane sesquiterpenoid esters, including a new one (4), were isolated from the root of Ferula hermonis Boiss. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and correlated with known compounds. The relative stereochemistry of the new compound was determined using 2D NOESY and the most stable and the lowest energy conformation was determined using molecular modelling. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by determination of MIC using the broth microdilution method against six bacterial strains and one fungal strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Candida albicans SC5314). There was a significant indication that compounds 15, 16, 17 demonstrated potent activity against Gram +ve (S. aureus, B. subtilis), as well as Mycobacterium strains M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. None of the isolated compounds exhibited a significant antifungal activity. In the antioxidant study using the DPPH assay method, the highest radical scavenging activity was observed for compounds 15, 16, 17.