The Arecaceae family contains wide classes of phytoconstituents and possesses wide range of pharmacological Activities members of this family are used in folk medicine for treatment of several diseases. Dypsis pembana (H.E.Moore) Beentje& J. Dransf. is a palm tree growing in Tanzania belongs to family Arecaceae. In this study, a detailed macromorphological characters of stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit in addition to micromorphological characters of the leaves of Dypsis pembana  Family Arecaceae cultivated in Egypt were studied for the identification of the plant in both entire and powdered form, in addition to characterization of fatty acids of the leaves by GC-MS analysis. Thorough analysis of the chromatogram of the  n-hexane fraction and careful matching examination of the acquired spectra resulted in identification of 12 phytochemicals and revealed the presence of  saturated fatty acids mainly as Palmitic acid methyl ester, Lauric acid methyl ester, Methyl tetradecanoate, Methyl stearate , Margaric acid methyl ester, Eicosanoic acid methyl ester and Capric acid methyl ester and polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly as Linolenic acid methyl ester and Linoleic acid methyl ester in addition to other phytochemicals as 2,2-Dimethylocta-3,4-dienal , 3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,4-dodecadiene and  3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol.    

Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor effective in blood cancer therapy. However, CFZ has shown limited efficacy in solid tumor therapy due to the short half-life and poor tumor distribution. Albumincoated nanocrystal (NC) formulation was shown to improve the circulation stability of CFZ, but its antitumor efficacy remained suboptimal. We hypothesize that NC size reduction is critical to the formulation safety and efficacy as the small size would decrease the distribution in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and selectively increase the uptake by tumor cells. We controlled the size of CFZ-NCs by varying the production parameters in the crystallization-in-medium method and compared the size-reduced CFZ-NCs (z-average of 168 nm, NC168) with a larger counterpart (z-average of 325 nm, NC325) as well as the commercial CFZ formulation (CFZ-CD). Both CFZ-NCs showed similar or higher cytotoxicity than CFZ-CD against breast cancer cells. NC168 showed greater uptake by cancer cells, less uptake by macrophages and lower immune cell toxicity than NC325 or CFZCD. NC168, but not NC325, showed a similar safety profile to CFZ-CD in vivo. The biodistribution and antitumor efficacy of CFZ-NCs in mice were also size-dependent. NC168 showed greater antitumor efficacy and tumor accumulation but lower RES accumulation than NC325 in 4T1 breast cancer model. These results support that NC formulation with an optimal particle size can improve the therapeutic efficacy of CFZ in solid tumors.