Communication is the lifeblood of every relationship, while communication climate is the emotional tone of the relationship. Employees can work well within their organizations if there is a relationship and good communication between the organization represented by the management as a supervisor and the employees as subordinates. In order to run organization smoothly and well coordinated, a communication aspect plays role in the organizational life, where every individual in the organization can convey personal interest and it’s solution will be collectively solved. Aim of the Study: This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the communication climate as perceived by nurses and employees, and determining the type of communication climate at Main Assiut University Hospital. This study was carried out by using descriptive study design. The study sample consisted of 266 nurses classified into, 30 bachelor degree nurses, 215 diploma degree nurses and 21 institute nurse, and 115 employees working in different administrative units. Results: Shows that highest mean scores were found among nurses in provisionalism, description, and empathy respectively. While, among employees were found in description, problem-oriented, and empathy respectively with statistically significant differences among the studied subjects as regard to supportive communication climate factors (P0.000). There was a highly statistically significant difference between age of nurses and supportive communication climate scale (P 0.007). Conclusions: In Defensive communication climate: More than one third of nurses were in supportive level (36.8%). While, nearly half of employees were neutral to supportive (47.0%) with a highly statistically significant differences (P 0.000). In Supportive communication climate: Nearly one third of nurses were in supportive to neutral (31.6%). While, nearly half of employees were supportive (46.1%). Recommendations: Based on the forgoing conclusions, the following recommendations are proposed: Encouragement of and planning for participative decision making, teamwork, in-service training program and open communication are recommended to be present in the work units. [Fatma Rushdy Mohamed, Samah Mohamed Abdalla, and Nahed Shawkat Abo-elmaged.

Communication is the lifeblood of every relationship, while communication climate is the emotional tone of the relationship. Employees can work well within their organizations if there is a relationship and good communication between the organization represented by the management as a supervisor and the employees as subordinates. In order to run organization smoothly and well coordinated, a communication aspect plays role in the organizational life, where every individual in the organization can convey personal interest and it’s solution will be collectively solved. Aim of the Study: This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the communication climate as perceived by nurses and employees, and determining the type of communication climate at Main Assiut University Hospital. This study was carried out by using descriptive study design. The study sample consisted of 266 nurses classified into, 30 bachelor degree nurses, 215 diploma degree nurses and 21 institute nurse, and 115 employees working in different administrative units. Results: Shows that highest mean scores were found among nurses in provisionalism, description, and empathy respectively. While, among employees were found in description, problem-oriented, and empathy respectively with statistically significant differences among the studied subjects as regard to supportive communication climate factors (P0.000). There was a highly statistically significant difference between age of nurses and supportive communication climate scale (P 0.007). Conclusions: In Defensive communication climate: More than one third of nurses were in supportive level (36.8%). While, nearly half of employees were neutral to supportive (47.0%) with a highly statistically significant differences (P 0.000). In Supportive communication climate: Nearly one third of nurses were in supportive to neutral (31.6%). While, nearly half of employees were supportive (46.1%). Recommendations: Based on the forgoing conclusions, the following recommendations are proposed: Encouragement of and planning for participative decision making, teamwork, in-service training program and open communication are recommended to be present in the work units. [Fatma Rushdy Mohamed, Samah Mohamed Abdalla, and Nahed Shawkat Abo-elmaged.

Television gives children a distorted image of the world; it makes it harder for children to distinguish reality from fantasy. This study was conducted to identify the effect of television watching habits on the behaviours of primary school children in Assiut city, Egypt, using a descriptive cross-sectional research design and quota sample technique to recruit (382) parents of children. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data related to the socio-demographic characteristics, television watching habits, tendency for violence. The Parent Report Form of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was also used. As regards television viewing habits, the children were classified into three groups: the first did not watch television on a daily base or watched it less than 2 hours daily; the second group watched it from 2-4 hours daily and the third group watched it more than 4 hours daily. The mean age of the pupils was (9.1) years. Television viewing time had a positive correlation with externalizing subscales which combine the delinquent behaviour and aggressive behaviour of children. In contrast, a negative correlation was found in relation to children activities, social, school achievement, total level of competence and anxiety/depression. The mean score for the total competence for both boys and girls was explicitly lower among group III than group I. On the other hand, the mean score for somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviour and aggressive behaviour was higher among group III than groups II & I. 64.3%, 60.0% & 100.0%, respectively, of the studied children who watched television more than 4 hours daily had mild, moderate and sever tendency for violence. A significant relation was found between tendency for violence and television viewing time as well as contents which are mainly violent and horror. The main recommendation is that parents should be advised and encouraged through an educational program to restrict the television viewing time of their children to less than two hours daily and exclude violent and horror materials

Television gives children a distorted image of the world; it makes it harder for children to distinguish reality from fantasy. This study was conducted to identify the effect of television watching habits on the behaviours of primary school children in Assiut city, Egypt, using a descriptive cross-sectional research design and quota sample technique to recruit (382) parents of children. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data related to the socio-demographic characteristics, television watching habits, tendency for violence. The Parent Report Form of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was also used. As regards television viewing habits, the children were classified into three groups: the first did not watch television on a daily base or watched it less than 2 hours daily; the second group watched it from 2-4 hours daily and the third group watched it more than 4 hours daily. The mean age of the pupils was (9.1) years. Television viewing time had a positive correlation with externalizing subscales which combine the delinquent behaviour and aggressive behaviour of children. In contrast, a negative correlation was found in relation to children activities, social, school achievement, total level of competence and anxiety/depression. The mean score for the total competence for both boys and girls was explicitly lower among group III than group I. On the other hand, the mean score for somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviour and aggressive behaviour was higher among group III than groups II & I. 64.3%, 60.0% & 100.0%, respectively, of the studied children who watched television more than 4 hours daily had mild, moderate and sever tendency for violence. A significant relation was found between tendency for violence and television viewing time as well as contents which are mainly violent and horror. The main recommendation is that parents should be advised and encouraged through an educational program to restrict the television viewing time of their children to less than two hours daily and exclude violent and horror materials

Mobbing is an antagonistic behavior with unethical communication directed systematically at one individual by one or more persons in the workplace. This study aims to identify the mobbing behaviors against demonstrators and assistant lecturers working at Assiut University. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used in this study. The current study was conducted at six faculties, i.e. the Faculties of Commerce, Social Work, Law, Engineering, Nursing and Medicine. A stratified random sample technique was used on (535) demonstrators and assistant lecturers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which included socio-demographic data and the mobbing behavior questionnaire. The main results of this study indicated that 57.9 % of the participants were females and 42.1% were males. The main type of types of mobbing behaviors against demonstrators and assistant lecturers was attacks on their professional status (53.7% and 44.3%, respectively). 49.6% of demonstrators and 43.4% of assistant lecturers responded psychosocially to mobbing behaviors. Thesis supervisors and departmental heads (18.7% and 18.1%, respectively) considered the main sources of mobbing behaviors against the studied participants. This study recommended that an educational program should be applied to managers, demonstrators and assistant lecturers working at Assiut University about the advantage of the open managerial approach, their legal rights, stress management techniques, how to respond appropriately and the measures to prevent the development of mobbing behaviors.

Mobbing is an antagonistic behavior with unethical communication directed systematically at one individual by one or more persons in the workplace. This study aims to identify the mobbing behaviors against demonstrators and assistant lecturers working at Assiut University. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used in this study. The current study was conducted at six faculties, i.e. the Faculties of Commerce, Social Work, Law, Engineering, Nursing and Medicine. A stratified random sample technique was used on (535) demonstrators and assistant lecturers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which included socio-demographic data and the mobbing behavior questionnaire. The main results of this study indicated that 57.9 % of the participants were females and 42.1% were males. The main type of types of mobbing behaviors against demonstrators and assistant lecturers was attacks on their professional status (53.7% and 44.3%, respectively). 49.6% of demonstrators and 43.4% of assistant lecturers responded psychosocially to mobbing behaviors. Thesis supervisors and departmental heads (18.7% and 18.1%, respectively) considered the main sources of mobbing behaviors against the studied participants. This study recommended that an educational program should be applied to managers, demonstrators and assistant lecturers working at Assiut University about the advantage of the open managerial approach, their legal rights, stress management techniques, how to respond appropriately and the measures to prevent the development of mobbing behaviors.

Mobbing is an antagonistic behavior with unethical communication directed systematically at one individual by one or more persons in the workplace. This study aims to identify the mobbing behaviors against demonstrators and assistant lecturers working at Assiut University. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used in this study. The current study was conducted at six faculties, i.e. the Faculties of Commerce, Social Work, Law, Engineering, Nursing and Medicine. A stratified random sample technique was used on (535) demonstrators and assistant lecturers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which included socio-demographic data and the mobbing behavior questionnaire. The main results of this study indicated that 57.9 % of the participants were females and 42.1% were males. The main type of types of mobbing behaviors against demonstrators and assistant lecturers was attacks on their professional status (53.7% and 44.3%, respectively). 49.6% of demonstrators and 43.4% of assistant lecturers responded psychosocially to mobbing behaviors. Thesis supervisors and departmental heads (18.7% and 18.1%, respectively) considered the main sources of mobbing behaviors against the studied participants. This study recommended that an educational program should be applied to managers, demonstrators and assistant lecturers working at Assiut University about the advantage of the open managerial approach, their legal rights, stress management techniques, how to respond appropriately and the measures to prevent the development of mobbing behaviors.

Smoking is a worldwide health problem. Tobacco smoking among the young is a health priority in Egypt. This study was conducted to determine smoking prevalence among male students living in Assiut University hostels and their knowledge and perceptions about this habit after Egypt's revolution using descriptive cross-sectional design. 400 students were randomly selected. A self-administrative questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, smoking status, as well as students' knowledge and perceptions concerning tobacco smoking. The mean age of the participants was 20.47 (±1.33 SD) years. More than one third (36.2%) were in theoretical faculties and 63.8% were in practical faculties. 13.2% were current smokers (25.5% daily smokers and 1.7% occasional smokers) and 30.2% started smoking before 15 years. The currently smokers were more frequently in theoretical faculties, their fathers were smokers and did not living with both parents (P 0.05). Cancer was the common smoking hazard that reported by 33.2% of the participants followed by chest disease (30.0%). More than one fifth (22.8%) of the students in the present study affected by the Egypt's revolution on 25 January 2011 as regards smoking habit. Conclusion: An educational program aimed at changing behavior and attitude to tobacco smoking and including healthy life style with high emphasis on the adolescence may be a successful primary prevention. In addition; projects designed to improve university performance may lead to a reduction in smoking rates while providing an investment in the future of youth.

Smoking is a worldwide health problem. Tobacco smoking among the young is a health priority in Egypt. This study was conducted to determine smoking prevalence among male students living in Assiut University hostels and their knowledge and perceptions about this habit after Egypt's revolution using descriptive cross-sectional design. 400 students were randomly selected. A self-administrative questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, smoking status, as well as students' knowledge and perceptions concerning tobacco smoking. The mean age of the participants was 20.47 (±1.33 SD) years. More than one third (36.2%) were in theoretical faculties and 63.8% were in practical faculties. 13.2% were current smokers (25.5% daily smokers and 1.7% occasional smokers) and 30.2% started smoking before 15 years. The currently smokers were more frequently in theoretical faculties, their fathers were smokers and did not living with both parents (P 0.05). Cancer was the common smoking hazard that reported by 33.2% of the participants followed by chest disease (30.0%). More than one fifth (22.8%) of the students in the present study affected by the Egypt's revolution on 25 January 2011 as regards smoking habit. Conclusion: An educational program aimed at changing behavior and attitude to tobacco smoking and including healthy life style with high emphasis on the adolescence may be a successful primary prevention. In addition; projects designed to improve university performance may lead to a reduction in smoking rates while providing an investment in the future of youth.

Smoking is a worldwide health problem. Tobacco smoking among the young is a health priority in Egypt. This study was conducted to determine smoking prevalence among male students living in Assiut University hostels and their knowledge and perceptions about this habit after Egypt's revolution using descriptive cross-sectional design. 400 students were randomly selected. A self-administrative questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, smoking status, as well as students' knowledge and perceptions concerning tobacco smoking. The mean age of the participants was 20.47 (±1.33 SD) years. More than one third (36.2%) were in theoretical faculties and 63.8% were in practical faculties. 13.2% were current smokers (25.5% daily smokers and 1.7% occasional smokers) and 30.2% started smoking before 15 years. The currently smokers were more frequently in theoretical faculties, their fathers were smokers and did not living with both parents (P 0.05). Cancer was the common smoking hazard that reported by 33.2% of the participants followed by chest disease (30.0%). More than one fifth (22.8%) of the students in the present study affected by the Egypt's revolution on 25 January 2011 as regards smoking habit. Conclusion: An educational program aimed at changing behavior and attitude to tobacco smoking and including healthy life style with high emphasis on the adolescence may be a successful primary prevention. In addition; projects designed to improve university performance may lead to a reduction in smoking rates while providing an investment in the future of youth.