Aging is a complex and dynamic process with interrelated and inseparable physiological, psychological and sociological components. Moreover, the elderly can be a burden to themselves, their families and their communities. The present study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of workers in Assiut University toward the elderly care. The subjects of the study consist of624 working personnel in different faculties in Assiut University setting. They were chosen using propoltion allocation method which was 25% of the total number of working personnel in each faculty, the total number of the workers in Assiut University was 2558. The results revealed that the mean age of the workers was 37.2 ±11.6; females represented 60% of the studied sample, 44% of them were highly educated, and 81.0% of them living in urban communities, 45.8% of them living with elderly persons at home, while 54.2% not living with them. Majority of the studied sample had good knowledge regarding to the changes, which occur to the elderly, such as nutrition, sleeping problems, accident and exercise, while the majority of them had a poor knowledge regarding health promotion and disease prevention of the elderly. Only 14.7% of the studied sample had a satisfactory degree of practice toward the elderly care and the rest of them had a poor degree of practice. Females in studied sample had more score in practice than males. Those living in rural communities also had more score in knowledge and practice than those living in urban communities. The portion of the studied sample that was living with elderly persons, at their homes had high score in knowledge and practice than who were not living with them.

Aging is a complex and dynamic process with interrelated and inseparable physiological, psychological and sociological components. Moreover, the elderly can be a burden to themselves, their families and their communities. The present study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of workers in Assiut University toward the elderly care. The subjects of the study consist of624 working personnel in different faculties in Assiut University setting. They were chosen using propoltion allocation method which was 25% of the total number of working personnel in each faculty, the total number of the workers in Assiut University was 2558. The results revealed that the mean age of the workers was 37.2 ±11.6; females represented 60% of the studied sample, 44% of them were highly educated, and 81.0% of them living in urban communities, 45.8% of them living with elderly persons at home, while 54.2% not living with them. Majority of the studied sample had good knowledge regarding to the changes, which occur to the elderly, such as nutrition, sleeping problems, accident and exercise, while the majority of them had a poor knowledge regarding health promotion and disease prevention of the elderly. Only 14.7% of the studied sample had a satisfactory degree of practice toward the elderly care and the rest of them had a poor degree of practice. Females in studied sample had more score in practice than males. Those living in rural communities also had more score in knowledge and practice than those living in urban communities. The portion of the studied sample that was living with elderly persons, at their homes had high score in knowledge and practice than who were not living with them.

The objective of this work was to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking among teens, to analyze the attitudes and beliefs of such students regarding smoking and to study the impact of the socioeconomic standard on the development of such habit. The studied sample included students from a secondary school (n=1482) and a technical school (n=1694). An anonymous closed, self administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Data were expressed as mean+SD or number (percentage). The prevalence of smoking behavior among secondary school students (22.46%) was significantly less (P

The objective of this work was to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking among teens, to analyze the attitudes and beliefs of such students regarding smoking and to study the impact of the socioeconomic standard on the development of such habit. The studied sample included students from a secondary school (n=1482) and a technical school (n=1694). An anonymous closed, self administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Data were expressed as mean+SD or number (percentage). The prevalence of smoking behavior among secondary school students (22.46%) was significantly less (P

Premenstrual Syndrom(PMS) is a disorder characterized by a set of hormonal changes that trigger disruptive symptoms in a significant number of women .Infact, out of the estimated 40 million sufferers, more than five million require medical treatment. Purposes of this study were to:(a)assess Egyptian women's physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms associated with premenstrual cycle and, (b )explore the relation between these symptomatology and A selected sociodemographic variables .A descriptive-correlation design was utilized to study the phenomenon under investigation. The study sample was convenient in nature and included 492 women. Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ), and sociodemographic and obestatric history. Data Form were used to collect data pertinent to the study. The results of the study evidenced that PMS was experienced almost by all the studied sample, the physical symptoms earned the highest level this was followed by psychological and behavioural symptoms respectively. The most common physical complaints were muscles weakness, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting. Mood changes, depression, and anxiety, on the other hand were the most common psychological symptoms. The majority of women also complained of behavioral changes mainly in form of less performance of their work and incorrect judgment. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relation between women's age, level of education, marital status and use of hormonal contraceptives with the premenstrual symptoms. The study implicated the importance of threading PMS throuth women's health programes perssicly reproductive health. Further research on the impact of cultural values and beliefs on pain perception was highly recommended.

Grand grand multiparity is associated with many complications to both mother and fetus. These might occur during the period of the ante, intra and post partnllTI period. So, the aim of this study consists of two folds ; 1- To evaluate the maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in the grand grand multiparous women and 2- To examine the effects of planned nursing intervention on the maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Total of the 460 pregnant women were recruited in the study. 400 pregnant women were subdivided into four groups according to their parity primigravidea, multipara, grand multipara and grand grand multripara (assessment group). While 60 of the pregnant women were grand grand mUltiparity (intervention group). The methods of data collection were interviewing questionnaire (sociodemographic data, obstetrical data, history of present complain etc ... ), Partograph to monitor progress of labor, maternal as well as fetal condition, Apgar scores is to evaluate the infant's cardio respiratory adaptation after birth. Results revealed that the mean age was 21.9 ± 3.6, 28 ± 4.4, 35.1 ± 4.2, 40.1 ± 2.7,37.8 ± 3.4 in the primigravidea, multipara, grand multipara, and grand grand multipara (assessment and intervention groups), respectively. About 62 % and 50% of women with the grand grand multiparity (assessment and intervention groups, respectively) were delivered vaginally as compared to other parities 74%, 67%, 73%. On the other hand, the higher rate of cesarean section 31 % and 46.7% was observed in the grand grand multiparity (assessment and intervention groups, respectively). Furthermore, the frequencies of the low birth weight and cephalopelvic disproportion were slightly high in the intervention group as compared to the assessment group. There were no statistically significant differences between the assessment and the intervention groups of the grand grand multiparity regarding to the incidence of diabetes mellitus, anemia, and premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnious and placenta abruption. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding to induction, cesarean section, and post term delivery. The rate of post partum hemorrhage was 5%, 8% in the intervention and assessment groups, respectively. Moreover, the frequency of eclampsia was higher in the intervention as compared to the assessment group 16.7%, 7%, respectively. Mean Apgar score at the first minutes and fifth minutes in the grand grand multiparous women 8.6 ± 1.5, 8.9 ± 1.2 and 9.3 ± 0.9, 9.5 ± 1.1 (assessment and intervention groups, respectively) were higher as compared to other parities. Regarding to the neonatal outcome the results revealed that there were slightly higher rate of meconium stained amniotic fluid, in the assessment group as compared to the intervention group with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The study concluded that' the grand grand multiparity carries the risk of maternal hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which often leads to, induced labor or operative deliveries and placental disorders.

The aim of this study is to assess unsafe abortion and its effects in Menoufyia and Assiut governorates. A cross-sectional analytic design. The study was conducted in general hospitals, MCH centers, and households in Menoufyia and Assiut governorates. Subjects: The sample has included all the cases of unsafe abortion recorded in the general hospitals in the two governorates for a whole year, 138 in Menoufyia, and 304 in Assiut. Records of MCH centers in the study settings were used to identify subjects to be interviewed in households to fulfill the required sample of 1000 in each governorate. Data collection tools: Three tools were used. A personal interview sheet was used for the community-based sample of women. It contained queries about reproductive history, and details of the aborted pregnancy. The second tool was a checklist designed for recording data abstracted [Tom medical files of the record-based sample of women. The third tool was a psycho-social scale for assessment of psychological and social effects of unsafe abortion on woman. Statistical analysis: Data entry and analysis done on Epi-info 6.04 statistical software package, using Student t-test, chi-square, and Fisher tests, with statistical significance set at p-value 0.05.:Women' illiteracy in Assiut was 60.3%, and 46.3% in Menoufiya, the majority, were housewives. The mean age was 31.03±8.15 years in Assiut and 32.42±8.22 in Menoufiya. Economic status was the main reason for terminating pregnancy. The most frequently adopted method was carrying heavy loads (25.4% and 36.3%) jumping [Tom height (16.5% and 24.2%), and drinking boiled onion peels (19.4% and 23.4%) in Assiut and Menoufiya, respectively. However, it was practiced by 13.6% and 15% of cases, respectively. The majority of women agreed that family planning was better than unsafe abortion to get rid of unwanted pregnancy. From the record-based sample, the crude and estimated rates of unsafe abortion based were estimated, and were statistically significantly higher in Assiut. The majority of women in both governorates suffered from complications, mainly bleeding, followed by gastrointestinal disturbances. One patient from Assiut and three from Menoufiya died.It is recommended to integrate patient education and counseling at all levels of woman's care; premarital, antenatal, postnatal and family planning. Involving husband and mother-in-law is important. A family planning follow-up schedule is suggested. Lastly, there is a need for specialized related population-based studies in sociology, anthropology, behavioral sciences, as well as in pharmacology and toxicology.

The study was conducted in 18 villages and 5 cities in Assiut Govemorate to compare the knowledge of trained traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and untrained (TBAs) concerning labour. The study included 58 traditional birth attendants divided to 38 TBAs trained and 20 TBAs were not attending training program. Data- were collected through a questionnaire sheet during the period from February 1999 to May 1999 through the interview of the TBAs during the home visits for TBA on two days per week. The result of this study indicated that 87.9% of the sample were from rural areas and 12.1 % from urban. Statistical significant differences were found between trained TBAs and untrained (TBAs) in relation to their knowledge about the time of enema X = 10.30 , P = 0.05 and their knowledge about care during the preparation for labour X/· =10.3Q, P= 0.05. There is no statistical significant difference between the two groups in their knowledge related to most items. The present study recommended that Particular at attention should be given to help the traditional birth attendants how to read and write, this will help to improve their knowledge, refresher courses should be provided periodically for TBAs so that their knowledge are up-graded regularly.

Purpose: To evaluate the intra-operative course (including pain scores) of transcervical procedures under paracervical block, with or without vaginal misoprostol as a cervical ripening agent. Study design: This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, conducted during the period from the I st October 2002 till the end of August 2003. Patients were randomly allocated, by means of computer-generated numbers, to receive either placebo or 200 flg of misoprostol 24 and 12 hours before surgery. Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Subjects: One hundred forty five cases with any indications for cervical dilatation up to 8-mm or more were considered eligible for the trial, 23 refused to be operated under paracervical block and 20 cases didn't completed the protocol. The remaining 102 cases were randomly allocated either for misoprostol (51 cases) or placebo (51 cases). Outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was intraoperative pain scores as measured by visual analog scale (V AS). The secondary outcome measure in this study was the ease of cervical dilatation. To avoid SUbjective bias, the ease of cervical dilatation was converted to an objectively measurable and statistically manageable variable by development of a simplified 7-points scale for scoring the ease of cervical dilatation. Also the needs for conversion to general anesthesia and side effects were also reported. Results: Pain scores were significantly lower in misoprostol group compared to placebo group during cervical dilatation (P= 0.027, CI -10.5: - 0.6). However the difference was less obvious during the definitive transcervical procedure. Also cervical dilatation scores were significantly lower (1.7±1 vs. 4.9±0.9) in misoprostol group than they were in the placebo group (CI -2.4: -1.7 P= · " .) Dilatation time as well as the number of cases needed conversion to general anesthesia were significantly less in the study group, however there were no differences in the complication rates .Conclusions: The use of vaginal misoprostol as a cervical ripening agent was found to be associated with lower pain scores in cases undergone transcervical procedures under paracervical block than was the use of placebo. Also it was found to be associated with lower cervical dilatation scores (easier cervical dilatation), consequently, fewer cases needed conversion to general anesthesia. Key words: misoprostol, cervical ripening, paracervical block, pain scores.

This study aimed to shed light on the various alternative therapies for infertility used among women, in addition to identifY the factors that might be related to use of alternative therapies among women attending Assiut University Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics. The study had been conducted at outpatient clinics of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Assiut University Hospital. Any woman attending the clinic with the inclusion criterion of having infertility, primary or secondary was eligible for inclusion in the study sample. A convenience sample of 81 women fulfilling these criteria was consecutively recruited. An interview questionnaire sheet was developed by the investigators to collect data. The sheet included four sections divided to: first section for the socio demographic characteristics of women, second section on menstrual history of women, third section for the obstetric history for secondary infertility cases and the last section was concerned with infertility and alternative therapies. Data were collected during the period from the beginning of October 2006 to the end of January 2007. The study showed that the age of studied women ranged between 16 and 58 years, (85.2%) were housewives and (56.8%) were illiterate. Also the study revealed that (77.8%) had primary infertility while (22.2%) had secondary infertility. In (79.0%) of the sample, the wife was the cause of infertility. It was clear that (43.2%) of the study sample have consulted physician but (65.4%) of them have reported using alternative therapies as visiting holy shrines as a religious practice, going to cemeteries, using "hegab" and medicinal herbs. As the results show, neighbors were the main source of advice about the alternative therapies (56.6%). The study recommended that successful infertility programs should include health education about the causes of infertility in both men and women and where best to seek care. Alternative therapies must be provided with proper training, facilities backup for referral to any health resource for the common goal of improving the community health.