Women in developing countries face many barriers that prevent them from receiving adequate, timely cervical cancer screening. In Egypt the prevalence of cervical cancer was 7.8/100,000 with 2713 newly annual reported cases. Objectives: to increase women's awareness of cervical cancer risk using counseling and to determine nursing's role in the screening tests. Methods: A cross sectional design of non-pregnant, non-virginal women was recruited. Results: 450 non-pregnant women were counseled and consented for screening. The nurse was able to identify squamous columnar junction 100%. In comparing positive visual inspection with acetic acid(VIA) to pap smear screening results, findings were 17.1% (n=77) and 5.1% (n=68), respectively. In comparing negative VIA to pap smear screening results findings were 82.9% (n=373) and 83.8% (n=377), respectively. Conclusion: Nurse's performing VIA is as effective screening tool for determining precancerous or cancerous lesions.

Women in developing countries face many barriers that prevent them from receiving adequate, timely cervical cancer screening. In Egypt the prevalence of cervical cancer was 7.8/100,000 with 2713 newly annual reported cases. Objectives: to increase women's awareness of cervical cancer risk using counseling and to determine nursing's role in the screening tests. Methods: A cross sectional design of non-pregnant, non-virginal women was recruited. Results: 450 non-pregnant women were counseled and consented for screening. The nurse was able to identify squamous columnar junction 100%. In comparing positive visual inspection with acetic acid(VIA) to pap smear screening results, findings were 17.1% (n=77) and 5.1% (n=68), respectively. In comparing negative VIA to pap smear screening results findings were 82.9% (n=373) and 83.8% (n=377), respectively. Conclusion: Nurse's performing VIA is as effective screening tool for determining precancerous or cancerous lesions.

In Egypt, invasive cervical cancer is the commonest female genital cancer after breast cancer. In 2002, the prevalence of cervical cancer was 7.8/100,000 with 2713 newly annual reported cases. In addition, the mortality of cervical cancer is 6.3/100,000 (2178) Objectives: 1) to increase awareness of women about cervical cancer risk by counseling. 2) To determine nursing’s role in cervical cancer screening, and 3) To define the role of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as a screening tool for cervical lesions Significant: Women in developing countries face many barriers that prevent them from receiving adequate, timely cervical cancer screening as Lack of awareness of disease, knowledge and prevention of cervical cancer. Disadvantaged economic status is also cited as a reason for lack of screening. Women are more likely to use cervical cancer screening if health care providers are sensitive, respectful, knowledgeable, skilled, and informative. Methods: A cross sectional design was used. A convenient sample consisted of non pregnant, non virginal women from an outpatient clinic in Upper Egypt were recruited. Tools: questionnaire, reporting results of VIA test, cytology and Colposcopy. Results: 450 non-pregnant women were recruited, counseled about cc screening. The nurse was able to identify squamous columnar junction 100% Findings: 15.1% (n=68) of women screened positive for precancerous/cancer compared to 17.1% (n=77) screened with VIA and 82.9 % (n=373) negative as compared to Pap smear results showing 83.8% (n=377) as negative and 10.2% (n=46) screened as atypical cells. Implications: The findings of this study would have tremendous impact on cervical cancer prevention and using nurse providers for counseling and screening in Egypt. Conclusion VIA is as effective as Pap smear for determining precancerous or cancerous cervical lesions.

In Egypt, invasive cervical cancer is the commonest female genital cancer after breast cancer. In 2002, the prevalence of cervical cancer was 7.8/100,000 with 2713 newly annual reported cases. In addition, the mortality of cervical cancer is 6.3/100,000 (2178) Objectives: 1) to increase awareness of women about cervical cancer risk by counseling. 2) To determine nursing’s role in cervical cancer screening, and 3) To define the role of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as a screening tool for cervical lesions Significant: Women in developing countries face many barriers that prevent them from receiving adequate, timely cervical cancer screening as Lack of awareness of disease, knowledge and prevention of cervical cancer. Disadvantaged economic status is also cited as a reason for lack of screening. Women are more likely to use cervical cancer screening if health care providers are sensitive, respectful, knowledgeable, skilled, and informative. Methods: A cross sectional design was used. A convenient sample consisted of non pregnant, non virginal women from an outpatient clinic in Upper Egypt were recruited. Tools: questionnaire, reporting results of VIA test, cytology and Colposcopy. Results: 450 non-pregnant women were recruited, counseled about cc screening. The nurse was able to identify squamous columnar junction 100% Findings: 15.1% (n=68) of women screened positive for precancerous/cancer compared to 17.1% (n=77) screened with VIA and 82.9 % (n=373) negative as compared to Pap smear results showing 83.8% (n=377) as negative and 10.2% (n=46) screened as atypical cells. Implications: The findings of this study would have tremendous impact on cervical cancer prevention and using nurse providers for counseling and screening in Egypt. Conclusion VIA is as effective as Pap smear for determining precancerous or cancerous cervical lesions.

This article will address ancient Egyptians’ knowledge of the childbirth cycle from preconception to postpartum and the similarities of these practices to modern knowledge and practice. From developing the first recorded pregnancy test to using the favorable position of squatting in labor, the ancient Egyptians exhibited a base of knowledge that more recent use of the scientific method has confirmed. Other practices, such as methods of contraception, can be seen as steps in the evolution of methods used today. Ancient Egyptians emphasized maternal nutrition during pregnancy and care of the newborn and mother immediately postpartum. Newborn assessment in ancient Egypt consisted of two parameters—cry and muscle tone—that exhibits a historical technique analogous to the modern Apgar score. Evidence also indicates that the ancient Egyptians devised strategies to suture perineal tears and manage other postpartum complications. In addition to practices related to pregnancy and childbirth, other contributions of these ancient people to medical practice and vocabulary were associated with general women’s health.

Despite wide disparities of political support, material resources, and systems of initial education, there exists an increasing global recognition that the level of nursing education has a close relationship with access to and quality of care. Still, individual nations also maintain alternative ways of educating nurses that are rooted in strong traditions. This paper explores the systems in China and Egypt. These countries have important differences. Education in China, for example, has been more heavily influenced by models from the United States, whereas Egypt has looked to those from Britain and France. Most striking, however, is what they now share. Both countries’ systems of nursing education are now clearly located in an increasingly global world of health, and health care that recognizes that a more educated nursing workforce remains the critical component of any initiative to better meet health care needs.

Cardiac catheterization remains the most definitive procedure for diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the impact of early ambulation post transfemoral coronary procedures on back pain, urinary discomfort and vascular complications. Design: a quasi-experimental design. Setting: in catheterization and coronary care units. Subjects: A convenience sample of all adult educable and mentally competent male and female patients aged from (18-60 years old) who are scheduled for non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary angiography (CA) through femoral artery during a period from july 2010 to june2011 were eligible for inclusion in the sample. Tools: Four tools were utilized to collect data pertinent to the study, tool assessment of patients after femoral sheath removal and angioplasty data tool II: assessment of back pain tool III: urinary discomfort assessment tool. tool IV: vascular complications measurement after femoral cardiac catheterization Methods: patients in the study group were ambulate after four hours bed rest post transfemoral PCI and 2 hours after CA, whereas patients in the control group were ambulate after 12–24 hours post transfemoral PCI and 6-8 hours after CA(usual care). Results: Finding of the present study revealed that a significant statistical difference was existed between both studied groups in relation to back pain and urinary discomfort for PCI and CA. As regards to vascular complication, no significant statistical differences were put into evidence between both studied groups. Conclusion: early ambulation is safe and feasible for patients undergoing PCI and CA. Key words: early ambulation, femoral coronary procedures, back pain, urinary discomfort, nurse's role, and vascular complications.

Cardiac catheterization remains the most definitive procedure for diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the impact of early ambulation post transfemoral coronary procedures on back pain, urinary discomfort and vascular complications. Design: a quasi-experimental design. Setting: in catheterization and coronary care units. Subjects: A convenience sample of all adult educable and mentally competent male and female patients aged from (18-60 years old) who are scheduled for non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary angiography (CA) through femoral artery during a period from july 2010 to june2011 were eligible for inclusion in the sample. Tools: Four tools were utilized to collect data pertinent to the study, tool assessment of patients after femoral sheath removal and angioplasty data tool II: assessment of back pain tool III: urinary discomfort assessment tool. tool IV: vascular complications measurement after femoral cardiac catheterization Methods: patients in the study group were ambulate after four hours bed rest post transfemoral PCI and 2 hours after CA, whereas patients in the control group were ambulate after 12–24 hours post transfemoral PCI and 6-8 hours after CA(usual care). Results: Finding of the present study revealed that a significant statistical difference was existed between both studied groups in relation to back pain and urinary discomfort for PCI and CA. As regards to vascular complication, no significant statistical differences were put into evidence between both studied groups. Conclusion: early ambulation is safe and feasible for patients undergoing PCI and CA. Key words: early ambulation, femoral coronary procedures, back pain, urinary discomfort, nurse's role, and vascular complications.

Cardiac catheterization remains the most definitive procedure for diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the impact of early ambulation post transfemoral coronary procedures on back pain, urinary discomfort and vascular complications. Design: a quasi-experimental design. Setting: in catheterization and coronary care units. Subjects: A convenience sample of all adult educable and mentally competent male and female patients aged from (18-60 years old) who are scheduled for non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary angiography (CA) through femoral artery during a period from july 2010 to june2011 were eligible for inclusion in the sample. Tools: Four tools were utilized to collect data pertinent to the study, tool assessment of patients after femoral sheath removal and angioplasty data tool II: assessment of back pain tool III: urinary discomfort assessment tool. tool IV: vascular complications measurement after femoral cardiac catheterization Methods: patients in the study group were ambulate after four hours bed rest post transfemoral PCI and 2 hours after CA, whereas patients in the control group were ambulate after 12–24 hours post transfemoral PCI and 6-8 hours after CA(usual care). Results: Finding of the present study revealed that a significant statistical difference was existed between both studied groups in relation to back pain and urinary discomfort for PCI and CA. As regards to vascular complication, no significant statistical differences were put into evidence between both studied groups. Conclusion: early ambulation is safe and feasible for patients undergoing PCI and CA. Key words: early ambulation, femoral coronary procedures, back pain, urinary discomfort, nurse's role, and vascular complications.

Communication is the lifeblood of every relationship, while communication climate is the emotional tone of the relationship. Employees can work well within their organizations if there is a relationship and good communication between the organization represented by the management as a supervisor and the employees as subordinates. In order to run organization smoothly and well coordinated, a communication aspect plays role in the organizational life, where every individual in the organization can convey personal interest and it’s solution will be collectively solved. Aim of the Study: This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the communication climate as perceived by nurses and employees, and determining the type of communication climate at Main Assiut University Hospital. This study was carried out by using descriptive study design. The study sample consisted of 266 nurses classified into, 30 bachelor degree nurses, 215 diploma degree nurses and 21 institute nurse, and 115 employees working in different administrative units. Results: Shows that highest mean scores were found among nurses in provisionalism, description, and empathy respectively. While, among employees were found in description, problem-oriented, and empathy respectively with statistically significant differences among the studied subjects as regard to supportive communication climate factors (P0.000). There was a highly statistically significant difference between age of nurses and supportive communication climate scale (P 0.007). Conclusions: In Defensive communication climate: More than one third of nurses were in supportive level (36.8%). While, nearly half of employees were neutral to supportive (47.0%) with a highly statistically significant differences (P 0.000). In Supportive communication climate: Nearly one third of nurses were in supportive to neutral (31.6%). While, nearly half of employees were supportive (46.1%). Recommendations: Based on the forgoing conclusions, the following recommendations are proposed: Encouragement of and planning for participative decision making, teamwork, in-service training program and open communication are recommended to be present in the work units. [Fatma Rushdy Mohamed, Samah Mohamed Abdalla, and Nahed Shawkat Abo-elmaged.