Few studies have assessed knowledge and attitude about electroconvulsive therapy among caregivers of psychiatric patients in Egypt. This study aimed to assessment of knowledge and attitude about electroconvulsive therapy among caregivers of patients with psychiatric disorders. Subjects and methods: The studied sample included 450 caregivers of patients; 286 were male and 164 female. They were assessed through scale measures knowledge and attitudes about Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Results: 50.4 % of the participants did not receive information about ECT. High percentages of participants have correct knowledge and held positive attitudes towards ECT. The main significant factor affecting their knowledge and attitudes was the previous experience of their patients with ECT. Conclusion and recommendation: Inspite of their defective knowledge, caregivers of patients have correct knowledge and held positive attitudes towards ECT. Mental health providers have to spend more time to give information to caregivers and patients about ECT.

Few studies have assessed knowledge and attitude about electroconvulsive therapy among caregivers of psychiatric patients in Egypt. This study aimed to assessment of knowledge and attitude about electroconvulsive therapy among caregivers of patients with psychiatric disorders. Subjects and methods: The studied sample included 450 caregivers of patients; 286 were male and 164 female. They were assessed through scale measures knowledge and attitudes about Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Results: 50.4 % of the participants did not receive information about ECT. High percentages of participants have correct knowledge and held positive attitudes towards ECT. The main significant factor affecting their knowledge and attitudes was the previous experience of their patients with ECT. Conclusion and recommendation: Inspite of their defective knowledge, caregivers of patients have correct knowledge and held positive attitudes towards ECT. Mental health providers have to spend more time to give information to caregivers and patients about ECT.

Abstract Child abuse is a major life stressor that has consequences involving the mental health of an adult but; the majority of studies examining the negative consequences of abuse have been focused on adolescences and young adults. The aim of the present study was to explore child abuse at school in Assiut governorate Material and methods, interviews were conducted individually with randomly selected pupils by utilizing child abuse scale. The sample comprised of 1247 pupils from preparatory schools randomly selected from different schools among district and its village in Assiut governorate. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between physical abuse and sociodemographic characteristics of pupils such as pupil's sex, residence, and school types. Also there was statistically significant relation between sexual abuse and child parent relationship and school types. Conclusion: Most of school children experienced mild degree of physical, emotional, sexual abuse (81.6%, 63.0%, and 88.5%).

Abstract Child abuse is a major life stressor that has consequences involving the mental health of an adult but; the majority of studies examining the negative consequences of abuse have been focused on adolescences and young adults. The aim of the present study was to explore child abuse at school in Assiut governorate Material and methods, interviews were conducted individually with randomly selected pupils by utilizing child abuse scale. The sample comprised of 1247 pupils from preparatory schools randomly selected from different schools among district and its village in Assiut governorate. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between physical abuse and sociodemographic characteristics of pupils such as pupil's sex, residence, and school types. Also there was statistically significant relation between sexual abuse and child parent relationship and school types. Conclusion: Most of school children experienced mild degree of physical, emotional, sexual abuse (81.6%, 63.0%, and 88.5%).

Abstract Postpartum depression is a serious public health concern because of its demonstrated adverse consequences on the development of maternal confidence and the cognitive, emotional and social development of their infant. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and severity of postpartum depression among women at El Eman's Specialized Hospital and examine the main predictors for postpartum depression among these women during the first three months postpartum. The study was carried out in the Family Planning out patient's Clinic, El Eman Specialized Hospital at Assiut City, Egypt. The study sample comprised 110 pregnant women. Three tools were used for data collection, namely: Sociodemographic Data Structured Interview schedules, postpartum depression predictors inventory (PDPI), and Edinburgh Postnatal depression scale. The main results yielded by the study proved that, 42.73% of the studied sample were in the age group from 25 to 30 years, the majority of sample were house wives (84.5 %) , 29.1 % of sample feeling of depression during pregnancy , 50% of them suffering from anxiety during pregnancy , 44.5% of them feeling of maternity blues and 80.7% of women had post- partum depression . the study recommended to help women to improve the outcome of families suffering with post-partum depression by engaging in routine screening and providing education and referral sources to women .

Care of schizophrenic patients is enduring stress and leads to considerable amount of burden among caregivers. Little is known about the ways in which families cope while caring for a relative with schizophrenia in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to explore burden and coping strategies in caregivers of schizophrenic patients and identify the relationship between burden and coping strategies among them. Caregivers were assessed by utilizing caregiver burden self report and ways of coping questionnaires. A descriptive co relational design was used on the study. The sample comprised of 100 caregivers of schizophrenic patients from psychiatric in patient and the out patient clinic of neuropsychiatry at Assiut university hospital. The result revealed that level of burden reported by caregivers of schizophrenic patients was high. The most coping strategies used by caregivers of schizophrenic patients were self controlling, positive reappraisal and escape-avoidance. Burden was negatively and non significantly correlated with confrontive coping, distancing, seeking social support and positive reappraisal coping strategies. However, it was positively and non significantly correlated with self controlling, accepting responsibility, escape- avoidance and planful problem solving. Socio demographic variables were not associated significantly with burden and coping strategies. Conclusion: Caregivers experienced high level of burden. Burden was non significantly correlated with coping strategies. Recommendation: Psycho educational program is needed to assist caregivers cope successfully with burden that result from the care of schizophrenic patients.

Today most of patients with chronic disease can be treated; therefore many studied in this field have focused on psychosocial problems. This descriptive study aimed to determine and compare the Self-Esteem level and optimism of patients with chronic renal failure and leukemia participants. Subjects and methods: The studied was conducted at the out patient and hematology department of Upper Egypt Cancer Institution, and kidney dialysis unit at Assiut University Hospital. The subjects were comprised from 1oo adult patients and fulfilling the following criteria: age18 to 65 years, diagnosed as chronic renal failure and leukemia, and accepted to participate in the study, their number amounted to 50 chronic renal failures patients and 50 leukemia patients which were selected randomly. Data was collected using an interview schedule for assessing socio demographic data. The Optimism and self-esteem Scale (Developed by Taha – Al-Mestekawy2007): was use to assess the level of the optimism and self –esteem of the tow group of patients. Results: The results reveled that, the mean scores of self- esteem and optimism were high in the chronic renal failure and low in the leukemia patients. Conclusion: The study concluded that adult patients with chronic renal failure and leukemia have low score of Self-Esteem and optimism. Recommendations: The study recommended that health promotion education program for renal failure and leukemia survivors, family members should be included in treatment regimen and health education for chronic illness patients, and develop continued training and education program for nurses, frequently attending and conferences based on their needs of chronic illness patients to improve Self-Esteem and optimism.

Limb amputation usually refers to the removal of part of or the entire upper or lower limb with a defined surgical approach. In the united states there is an estimated 1,7 million people living with an amputation in 2008 and approximately 135 ,000 new amputations occurring each year. The aim of this study was to develop standards of post-operative nursing interventions for lower limb amputated patient. Subjects and method: research design descriptive exploratory study was utilized. Setting the study was carried out at trauma unit and vascular surgery department at Assiut University Hospital. The study sample divided into two groups: GroupI: It includes all baccalaureate nurses (4) who working in vascular surgery department and trauma unit. Group II: It includes all diploma nurses (60) who working in vascular surgery department and trauma unit. Tools It utilized for data collection were Tool I post operative cognitive assessment sheet, Tool II post operative competencies opinionnaire sheet, Tool III standards of post operative practice sheet. Results showed that; more than half of nurses had fair knowledge regarding standards of post operative interventions for lower limb amputated patients. The majority of nurses had agreed as regarding prepare the trauma unit and vascular surgery with the necessary equipment, prepare the car/ table with basic instruments according to patient's condition, ensure that continuous monitoring and recording are followed for post operative patients, ensure that all infection control measures are properly followed in all procedures, ensure that all health team are properly attired for patient care, ensure that safety for each patient during transportation from operating room to unit, ensure that all staff members follow ethics and patient rights in the trauma unit and vascular surgery department.. Nurses showed inadequacy in their practice about standards of post operative interventions for lower limb amputated patients. Conclusion: Formulation of standards is the first step toward evaluating nursing care delivery. Recommendation: Implementation of standards of post operative nursing interventions for lower limb amputated patient is necessary for trauma unit and vascular surgery.

Poisoning of children is one of the most common and important subject in the field of pediatric nursing. Many children are admitted to hospital because they have been poisoned by eating, drinking, or even inhaling poisonous substances. There are several unique aspects in the clinical assessment and management of childhood poisoning that need to be considered. So, the aims of this study were to assess the nurses' knowledge and practice about care given to the child with poisoning. A descriptive study design was carried out. The subjects included 30 nurses working in emergency unit of Assuit University Children Hospital. Data collection tools were a structured questionnaire interview sheet and an observation checklist. In conclusion, the study revealed deficiency in knowledge and practices. Statistically significant relations were shown between knowledge and practices among studied nurses. The study recommended developed program should be applied for nurses about care given to the child with poisoning.

The aim of the study is to identify the risk factors of protein energy malnutrition among children under five years of age in Assiut university children hospital. A correlation descriptive research design was chosen for this study. A convenient sampling design was followed to include children suffering from protein energy malnutrition aged below 5 years. Control group was purposively selected to be nearly age and sex matched. A total of 150 study and 150 control were included. The results revealed that PEM was more found in children in families of middle and low socioeconomic status with statistically significant differences, history of malnutrition in other sibling and younger age than others, statistically significant differences between practices of mothers in the cases than the control groups were found regarding breast feeding, artificial feeding and additional and adult food with low level of satisfactory practices observed among mothers in the cases than those in the control groups. From this study it can be concluded that several risk factors were found to be associated with PEM including, lower education level of the mother, number of children in the family as the number of children in the family decreased , the prevalence of PEM increased, low and middle family socioeconomic status, age of the child, children with the younger age are more vulnerable to have PEM than those of older age and mothers' practices regarding feeding of their children (breast feeding, artificial feeding as well as additional and adult food) unsatisfactory practices of mothers regarding feeding of their children increase the prevalence of PEM among their children. This study recommended that Supporting and promotion of breast feeding, avoid using of artificial feeding and bottles, health education to the mothers about proper feeding practices, breast feeding, artificial feeding and additional and adult food to prevent PEM, increasing mother's awareness related to risk factors of PEM and how to manage the different infections among their children and encourage vaccination at the appropriate time.