Drugs intake during pregnancy may adversely affect developing embryo or fetus. These drugs are known as teratogen. So to be safe, only drugs that are absolutely necessary should be used with permission of knowledgeable practitioner. Aim: to assess level of women's knowledge about teratogenicity of drugs used during pregnancy. Research design: a cross sectional study. Material & methods: this study was conducted in Maternal and Child Health care Centers at Minia city. The study included 300 pregnant women, an interview sheet was used by the researcher to assess socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrical characteristics, and knowledge about drug intake during pregnancy. Results: the main finding of the study were exploring that more than half of the study sample had inadequate and poor knowledge regarding drug intake during pregnancy and only 28.7% of sample had adequate knowledge especially in relation to the risk time for taking drugs. The most common reasons for taking drugs was common cold 26.9%, drugs,18.3%to relieve headache and 45.2% of sample take drugs for heartburn. in this study, it was also found that certain factors seemed to affect women's knowledge regarding drug intake during pregnancy such as illiteracy, being housewife, and young age. Conclusion: women lack essential knowledge regarding drugs intake during pregnancy. These findings indicate need to inform pregnant women about dangers of drugs use during pregnancy especially during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Physician and nurses should play a key role in communicating theses risks.

Adolescents around 17 million in Egypt (2005) have different needs and require different counseling approaches and more information. Adolescence is a critical stage for risk-taking because adolescents are moving toward independence and tend to experiment and test limits. Aim of this study: was to determine the problems of female adolescents, and provide information about reproductive health. Subject and methods: Cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in nursing secondary schools and technical institutes in Assiut city in Upper Egypt with total number of 514 adolescent female students which are recruited. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire sheet and a physical assessment sheet. Results: The study revealed that 94.6% of the girls were circumcised, and 98.2% had their menarche. Overall, 65.5% had satisfactory knowledge, and 81.5% had positive attitude. The main sources of information were classroom whereas parents, newspapers, and magazines were less reported. There was a statistical significance difference between knowledge and had circumcision (p=0.002), also, between knowledge about reproduction and their related attitudes and beliefs (p0.001). Conclusion: unmet information needs were related to female genital mutilation, family planning, pregnancy and labor, and the preferred sources are school book, media, and parents. Recommendations: It is recommended that the unmet needs identified should be used for development of educational programs for adolescents. The role of the parents, as well as health care providers needs to be fostered through using of multimedia as television and radio

Most females exhibit some degree of pain and discomfort during menstrual period, which can impact on their daily activities, and disturb their productivity at home or at their workplace. In our country many girls may lack appropriate and sufficient information regarding dysmenorrhea and menstrual hygiene, causing incorrect unhealthy behavior during their menstrual periods. This study was done for the adolescent girls to assess the prevalence & pattern of dysmenorrhea and to examine the menstrual hygiene practices among students in some Elminia nursing schools. This study conducted in some nursing school at EL-Minia governorate (Mallawy, and Abu- korkas) nursing schools. These schools were selected for data collection between the periods from Feb. 2009 to May 2009. The sample comprised 160 eligible female students according to the following criteria 14: 19 years of age, single female and free from medical & gynecological problems. The study applied a descriptive cross sectional design in which two tools were used for data collection. A special structured questionnaire was designed to assess sociodemographic characteristics, information about menstrual characteristics and practices related to menstrual hygiene and verbal multidimensional scoring system for assessment of dysmenorrhea was used to assess the severity of pain. This study was carried out in two phases; preparatory phase and the implementation phase. The present study reported a high prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea (94.4%) was categorized as (49.0%) for 1st degree of pain, (34.4%) for second-degree and (16.6%) for third-degree. Measures taken to relieve dysmenorrhea were found to be: intake of certain types of domestic hot drinks (43.0%), taking analgesics (22.5%), and (66.2%) Perform physical activities during menstrual period. All students (100.0%) took complete hot baths during menstruation. About one-fourth (26.9 %) of students just took rest and staying at home, who believed that physical activities will increase the menstrual pain and increase feeling of exhaustion. On conclusion the high prevalence of dysmenorrhea was observed and the useful measures mentioned and encouraged are: exercise practiced by (66.2%) of students and the entire students (100%) take hot bath during menstruation (76.8%) from them practiced hot bath as a management for dysmenorrhea, however the necessity to adopt a healthy behavior, which includes: appropriate nutrition and appropriate use of medications based on a physician's prescription was a very important issue.

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The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of nursing staff working in the GI endoscopy center, to determine the nursing intervention for patient undergoing upper endoscopy, then to design a teaching protocol, lastly to evaluate the effect of implementing the protocol on nurse's knowledge, practices. Subjects and methods: Aquasi-experimental research design was conducted to meet the aim of the study; the sample included all convenient nursing staff working with patient undergoing upper endoscopy (30 nurses) and 60 adult patients. This study conducted at GI endoscopy center at Assiut University Hospital. Four tools used for collecting data in the study. Tool one is a pre/post nurses' performance assessment sheet. Tool two destined teaching protocol. Tool three is a patient's nursing need assessment sheet. Tool four is a patient evaluation sheet. Results show a good improvement in the knowledge & practice scores after implementing protocol. A positive correlation between nurse's knowledge and practice scores after implementing protocol. Conclusion of this study illustrated that the implementing of the designed nursing protocol on nurse's knowledge and practice regarding upper endoscopy patients shows a significant improvement in nurses' performance's. Also Improving nurses' knowledge and practice can favorable affect the incidence of patient complication. The study recommended that continued nursing education and in-service training programs in the endoscopic gastroenterology center should be organized regularly and the nurses should use pre, post nursing teaching guidelines according to protocol for caring with patient undergoing upper GI endoscopy.

Shunt infection continues to be the single most frustrating complication in case of CSF shunt insertion. Method: This retrospect active study was done during yea (1/9/2008 - 1/9/2009). The study design was retrospective explorer research design . Two tools were used to conduct this study. Tool one: "preoperative assessment sheet". This tool assess patient's condition in the preoperative period. Tool two:" postoperative assessment sheet". This tool assess patient's condition in the postoperative period. The main results: The finding of the current study revealed that the incidence of VP shunt infection was 20.8%. The preventive measures of VP shunt infection done by the critical care nurse such as prophylactic antibiotic, aseptic technique when handling shunt and during dressing, good skin preparation by antiseptic solution and mouth care were highly significant (P = 0.000***) in reducing VP shunt infection. The finding of the current study revealed that the most common organisms which caused VP shunt infection were staphylococci epidermidis and s. aurous. Conclusion: strict aseptic technique during caring of shunt, prophylactic antibiotic and standard nursing care have critical role in the prevention and reduction of shunt infection .

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the role of music therapy on the level of stress in children undergoing repair of congenital heart disease. Design Prospective, randomized double blind controlled clinical trial Setting of the study Children University Hospital Patients 50 children in the age of 4 to 12 years undergoing repair of congenital heart disease Methods Patients were randomized into two equal groups (control group and music group); in control group patients listened to a blank CD, while in music group patients listened to a recorded CD by music and songs preferred by the child. Demographic data clinical data and preoperative vital signs were recorded. A baseline stress markers (blood glucose and cortisol levels) were sampled. Patients were assessed intra-operatively till extubation for vital signs, stress markers and after extubation for pain and sedation scales. An interview conducted within the first postoperative week with the patients and their parents for assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and negative postoperative behavior changes. Measurements and Main Results No significant difference in demographic, clinical data, vital signs, preoperative and at extubation blood glucose levels and preoperative blood cortisol level between both groups. Significant difference in blood glucose and cortisol levels at all intraoperative times, while only in cortisol blood level at extubation. Significant differences in pain score, sedation score, occurrence of child posttraumatic stress disorder and occurrence of negative postoperative behavior. Conclusion listening to favourable music in children undergoing repair for congenital heart disease resulted in less stress and more relaxation.

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the role of music therapy on the level of stress in children undergoing repair of congenital heart disease. Design Prospective, randomized double blind controlled clinical trial Setting of the study Children University Hospital Patients 50 children in the age of 4 to 12 years undergoing repair of congenital heart disease Methods Patients were randomized into two equal groups (control group and music group); in control group patients listened to a blank CD, while in music group patients listened to a recorded CD by music and songs preferred by the child. Demographic data clinical data and preoperative vital signs were recorded. A baseline stress markers (blood glucose and cortisol levels) were sampled. Patients were assessed intra-operatively till extubation for vital signs, stress markers and after extubation for pain and sedation scales. An interview conducted within the first postoperative week with the patients and their parents for assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and negative postoperative behavior changes. Measurements and Main Results No significant difference in demographic, clinical data, vital signs, preoperative and at extubation blood glucose levels and preoperative blood cortisol level between both groups. Significant difference in blood glucose and cortisol levels at all intraoperative times, while only in cortisol blood level at extubation. Significant differences in pain score, sedation score, occurrence of child posttraumatic stress disorder and occurrence of negative postoperative behavior. Conclusion listening to favourable music in children undergoing repair for congenital heart disease resulted in less stress and more relaxation.