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BACKGROUND: Uncorrected refractive errors are a public health problem especially among school children. It has a direct effect on learning and academic performance. AIMS OF THE STUDY: This study aims to assess the refractive errors among a representative sample of school children under ten in Assiut City, Egypt and to manage the discovered cases early. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Descriptive cross sectional study design was used. The students of primary schools in the first, second and third grades under ten years old were the focus of the study and they were selected by stratified random sampling technique. The calculated sample size was 196. Two tools were used in the study; the first one was a self administered questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data as child age, birth order, father's and mother's education and occupation, family history of wearing glasses, watching TV or using computer etc. The second tool was the eye examination by a Portable Auto-refractometer which has the advantages of accuracy, easy examination, being movable everywhere and provide printable eye status report. An eye examination record was used to register data about student's name, age. Data collection started from the first of March 2012 until the end of April 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS soft program version 16. RESULTS: 241 students (107 males and 134 females) participated in the study but 142 only agreed to perform eye examination with 59% response rate. Ninety-five children (66.9%) had a significant refractive error of ±0.50 or worse in one or both eyes. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Significant refractive errors occur among primary school children aged 6 to 10 years. Therefore, there is a need to have regular and simple vision testing in primary school children to screen for refractive errors. This will enable to start corrective measures at the early stage and decrease visual disability.

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Al-Azahar Assiut Medical Journal September 2010, Vol.8 N.(3) Impact of child labor on psychosocial development of under fourteen years in Assiut city, Egypt. Eman S. Masoud,1 Salwa A. Marzouk2 and Safaa R. Mahmoud3 1Pediatric Nursing department, faculty of Nursing, Minia University and 2Pediatric Nursing department,3 Community health, faculty of Nursing, Assiut University. Abstract: Child labor is a pervasive problem in Egypt. For the last two decades there has been growing concern for child labor across the globe and several efforts are being made by the governments and civil society organizations to eliminate child labor. It has a great impact on child health whether psychosocially or physically. Objectives: this study aimed to assess the impact of child labor on the psychosocial development of under fourteen years in Assiut. Design: A descriptive research design was used in this study. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 248 children divided equally into two groups (working children and school children). Data are collected using an interview questionnaire sheet. Results: the present results revealed that children work because the family is in need of financial support or children fail in school. Also, the results revealed that working children had lower score of anger control and had elevated scores regarding excessive suffering and weak ego strength. Conclusion: Even work has negative effect on their Psychosocial condition, but it also has positive effect as the children become independent. From the study results the researcher recommended that the ministry of manpower must have strict enforcement and real application of existing law against all forms of child labor.

Hearing impairment is common among older adults. The study aimed to assess the quality of life among hearing impaired elderly patients attending audiology unit at Assiut University Hospital. Descriptive research design was used in this study. Total coverage of all elderly patient with hearing impairment and agreed to participate in the study during six months from 1st of November/2014 to the end of April/2015) were included in the study, their number were 227 patients. Two tools were used in data collection, tool I: Structured interview questionnaire sheet: include two parts, part I: include personal data as, age, sex, residence, part II: include onset type and degree of hearing impairment. Tool II: Quality of life scale. The main results showed that the majority of the participants (80.6%) aged (60-¬74) years. The mean age was 68.4± 7.4, more than two-third of the studied sample were male. There was a statistically significant difference between hearing impairment among elderly and quality of life. It concluded that age related hearing impairment (presbycusis) had adverse effects on physical, self-dependence, psychological, social relationships, and environmental features. Also, it recommended that increasing elderly awareness about the importance of regular ear examinations for early detection, treatment, and prevent complications.

Background: The aim of the study was : To assess nurses' knowledge and practice regarding patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, to design nursing care protocol for nurses, and to evaluate the effect of implementing the designed nursing protocol on nurse's knowledge and practice. Three hypotheses were formulated: (1) the post mean knowledge scores of nurses who will expose to designed nursing protocol will be higher than their pre mean knowledge scores. (2) The post mean practice score of nurses who will expose to designed nursing protocol will be higher than their pre mean practice scores. (3) A positive relationship will exist between knowledge and practice score obtained by nurses receiving the designed nursing protocol. Research design: Quasiexperimental research design was utilized in this study. Tools: Three tools were utilized for data collection were a) structured interview sheet. b) Observation checklist sheet. c) Construction of designed nursing protocol. Results The first and the second hypotheses were supported as a good improvement in the mean knowledge & practice scores. Conclusion: implementing of designed nursing protocol showed a significant improvement in nurses` knowledge and practice. Recommendations: Nurses are in need for in-service training programs and refreshing courses to improve their knowledge.

Abstract: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a common surgery to treat coronary artery disease. It involves a section of a vein or an artery to create a connection (or bypass) between the aorta and the coronary artery beyond the obstruction. Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and practice regarding patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, to develop nursing care standards for coronary artery bypass grafting on patient's outcome, and to evaluate the effect of implementing nursing care standards on nurse's knowledge, practice as well as on patient's outcome. Methods: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized to conduct this study, the study was carried out cardiothoracic surgery department, post operative intensive care unit, and operating room at Assiut University Hospital. Sample: A convenient sample included (38) nurses and (40) patients who had CABG (20) patients pre and (20) patients post implementing nursing care standards aged from 18-65 years from both sexes. Tools: a) pre/post structured interview sheet. b) pre/post observation checklist sheet. c) Cardiac surgery patient's assessment sheet. d) Construction of nursing care standards booklet. Results: The first and second hypotheses were supported as a good improvement in the mean knowledge and practice scores were found post implementation of nursing care standards. The third hypotheses were supported as postoperative complications were reduced post nursing care standards implementation. The fourth hypotheses were supported as a positive relationship was found between nurses` knowledge and practice scores immediately post nursing care standards implementation. Conclusion: Improving nurses` knowledge and practice can favorable affect the incidence of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patient's complications. Recommendations: in-service training programs and refreshing courses must be applied to improve nurse's knowledge which will reflect into their practice while working with patients.