Most females exhibit some degree of pain and discomfort during menstrual period, which can impact on their daily activities, and disturb their productivity at home or at their workplace. In our country many girls may lack appropriate and sufficient information regarding dysmenorrhea and menstrual hygiene, causing incorrect unhealthy behavior during their menstrual periods. This study was done for the adolescent girls to assess the prevalence & pattern of dysmenorrhea and to examine the menstrual hygiene practices among students in some Elminia nursing schools. This study conducted in some nursing school at EL-Minia governorate (Mallawy, and Abu- korkas) nursing schools. These schools were selected for data collection between the periods from Feb. 2009 to May 2009. The sample comprised 160 eligible female students according to the following criteria 14: 19 years of age, single female and free from medical & gynecological problems. The study applied a descriptive cross sectional design in which two tools were used for data collection. A special structured questionnaire was designed to assess sociodemographic characteristics, information about menstrual characteristics and practices related to menstrual hygiene and verbal multidimensional scoring system for assessment of dysmenorrhea was used to assess the severity of pain. This study was carried out in two phases; preparatory phase and the implementation phase. The present study reported a high prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea (94.4%) was categorized as (49.0%) for 1st degree of pain, (34.4%) for second-degree and (16.6%) for third-degree. Measures taken to relieve dysmenorrhea were found to be: intake of certain types of domestic hot drinks (43.0%), taking analgesics (22.5%), and (66.2%) Perform physical activities during menstrual period. All students (100.0%) took complete hot baths during menstruation. About one-fourth (26.9 %) of students just took rest and staying at home, who believed that physical activities will increase the menstrual pain and increase feeling of exhaustion. On conclusion the high prevalence of dysmenorrhea was observed and the useful measures mentioned and encouraged are: exercise practiced by (66.2%) of students and the entire students (100%) take hot bath during menstruation (76.8%) from them practiced hot bath as a management for dysmenorrhea, however the necessity to adopt a healthy behavior, which includes: appropriate nutrition and appropriate use of medications based on a physician's prescription was a very important issue.

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The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of nursing staff working in the GI endoscopy center, to determine the nursing intervention for patient undergoing upper endoscopy, then to design a teaching protocol, lastly to evaluate the effect of implementing the protocol on nurse's knowledge, practices. Subjects and methods: Aquasi-experimental research design was conducted to meet the aim of the study; the sample included all convenient nursing staff working with patient undergoing upper endoscopy (30 nurses) and 60 adult patients. This study conducted at GI endoscopy center at Assiut University Hospital. Four tools used for collecting data in the study. Tool one is a pre/post nurses' performance assessment sheet. Tool two destined teaching protocol. Tool three is a patient's nursing need assessment sheet. Tool four is a patient evaluation sheet. Results show a good improvement in the knowledge & practice scores after implementing protocol. A positive correlation between nurse's knowledge and practice scores after implementing protocol. Conclusion of this study illustrated that the implementing of the designed nursing protocol on nurse's knowledge and practice regarding upper endoscopy patients shows a significant improvement in nurses' performance's. Also Improving nurses' knowledge and practice can favorable affect the incidence of patient complication. The study recommended that continued nursing education and in-service training programs in the endoscopic gastroenterology center should be organized regularly and the nurses should use pre, post nursing teaching guidelines according to protocol for caring with patient undergoing upper GI endoscopy.

Shunt infection continues to be the single most frustrating complication in case of CSF shunt insertion. Method: This retrospect active study was done during yea (1/9/2008 - 1/9/2009). The study design was retrospective explorer research design . Two tools were used to conduct this study. Tool one: "preoperative assessment sheet". This tool assess patient's condition in the preoperative period. Tool two:" postoperative assessment sheet". This tool assess patient's condition in the postoperative period. The main results: The finding of the current study revealed that the incidence of VP shunt infection was 20.8%. The preventive measures of VP shunt infection done by the critical care nurse such as prophylactic antibiotic, aseptic technique when handling shunt and during dressing, good skin preparation by antiseptic solution and mouth care were highly significant (P = 0.000***) in reducing VP shunt infection. The finding of the current study revealed that the most common organisms which caused VP shunt infection were staphylococci epidermidis and s. aurous. Conclusion: strict aseptic technique during caring of shunt, prophylactic antibiotic and standard nursing care have critical role in the prevention and reduction of shunt infection .

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the role of music therapy on the level of stress in children undergoing repair of congenital heart disease. Design Prospective, randomized double blind controlled clinical trial Setting of the study Children University Hospital Patients 50 children in the age of 4 to 12 years undergoing repair of congenital heart disease Methods Patients were randomized into two equal groups (control group and music group); in control group patients listened to a blank CD, while in music group patients listened to a recorded CD by music and songs preferred by the child. Demographic data clinical data and preoperative vital signs were recorded. A baseline stress markers (blood glucose and cortisol levels) were sampled. Patients were assessed intra-operatively till extubation for vital signs, stress markers and after extubation for pain and sedation scales. An interview conducted within the first postoperative week with the patients and their parents for assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and negative postoperative behavior changes. Measurements and Main Results No significant difference in demographic, clinical data, vital signs, preoperative and at extubation blood glucose levels and preoperative blood cortisol level between both groups. Significant difference in blood glucose and cortisol levels at all intraoperative times, while only in cortisol blood level at extubation. Significant differences in pain score, sedation score, occurrence of child posttraumatic stress disorder and occurrence of negative postoperative behavior. Conclusion listening to favourable music in children undergoing repair for congenital heart disease resulted in less stress and more relaxation.

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the role of music therapy on the level of stress in children undergoing repair of congenital heart disease. Design Prospective, randomized double blind controlled clinical trial Setting of the study Children University Hospital Patients 50 children in the age of 4 to 12 years undergoing repair of congenital heart disease Methods Patients were randomized into two equal groups (control group and music group); in control group patients listened to a blank CD, while in music group patients listened to a recorded CD by music and songs preferred by the child. Demographic data clinical data and preoperative vital signs were recorded. A baseline stress markers (blood glucose and cortisol levels) were sampled. Patients were assessed intra-operatively till extubation for vital signs, stress markers and after extubation for pain and sedation scales. An interview conducted within the first postoperative week with the patients and their parents for assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and negative postoperative behavior changes. Measurements and Main Results No significant difference in demographic, clinical data, vital signs, preoperative and at extubation blood glucose levels and preoperative blood cortisol level between both groups. Significant difference in blood glucose and cortisol levels at all intraoperative times, while only in cortisol blood level at extubation. Significant differences in pain score, sedation score, occurrence of child posttraumatic stress disorder and occurrence of negative postoperative behavior. Conclusion listening to favourable music in children undergoing repair for congenital heart disease resulted in less stress and more relaxation.

Critically ill patients with acute renal failure who are receiving dialysis therapy may suffer from many complications that can be decreased by using bicarbonate dialysate during dialysis sessions. Aim: this study was carried out to compare between the hemodialized acute renal failure patientsusing bicarbonate versus acetate dialysate ondeveloping complications. Design: descriptive comparative designutilized in this study. Setting: This study was carried out at the kidney dialysisunit, Assiut University Hospital. Subjects Sixty adult male and female critically ill patients with acute renal failure who are admitted to the kidney dialysis unit (how many using bicarbonate and how many using acetate and how you selected them).Tool:“hemodialysis patient observational and monitoring tool” was used to monitor and record the personal and medical data needed for this study by the researcher.Methods: Interview, observation and reviewing patient`s records were utilized to collect data pertinent to the study. Each patient was monitored closely ten minutes before connection to the dialysis machine, during the dialysis session and ten minutes after disconnection, three times per week for two successive weeks. Results: The patients on the acetate group had experienced many problems (tachycardia, hypotension and dyspnea). There was a significant statistical difference between both groups with (p value=0.001). Conclusion: the group of patients on bicarbonate dialysate during dialysis sessions was found to experience lesser problems than acetate dialysis group.

Critically ill patients with acute renal failure who receiving the dialysis therapy were suffered from many complication: dialysate during hemodialysis session. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the effect of nursing guidelines for Complications of acetate and bicarbonate Solutions during hemodialysis among acute renal failure patients, Assuit University Hospital. Design: Quasi experimental design. Setting: This study was carried out at hemodialysis unit, ICUs Assuit University Hospital. Subjects: Sixty adult male and female critically ill patients with acute renal failure who are admitted to hemodialysis unit. Tools: Two tools were developed by the researcher and used in this study which are; tool I: Personal and medical data sheet and hemodialysis, tool II: Hemodialysis complications assessment sheet. Methods: Interview, observation and reviewing patient`s records where utilized to collect data pertinent to the study. Each patient was monitored closely and give nursing care for ten minutes before connection, during the dialysis session and ten minutes after disconnection from dialysis machine three times per week for two successive weeks. Results: The acetate groups had experienced many complications rather than bicarbonate. There was a significant statistical difference between both groups with (p value=0.001). The complications developed where, hypotension, chest pain, dysrhythmia, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, headache, pruritus. Conclusion: Nursing care reduces complications for both groups acetate and bicarbonate dialysis documented lesser complications in bicarbonate than acetate group. Recommendation: Replication of this research on a larger probability sample acquired from different geographical areas in the Arab republic of Egypt. [Naglaa Elrashedy, Warda Mohammed, Mona Mohammed, Mervat Abdel-Aziz and Maher Abd El Naser. Effect of Nursing guidelines to reduce Complications of Acetate and Bicarbonate Solutions during Hemodialysis among Acute Renal Failure Patients, Assuit University Hospital.