This paper proposes and designs two novels Fault Ride Through (FRT) controllers for maintaining Fixed Speed Wind Generation system (FSWGs) stability during fault events. The first technique has been implemented by increasing the wind turbine blade pitch angle with maximum possible rate to reduce the mechanical extracted wind power and consequently suppress wind generation system acceleration. The second FRT technique has been verified by adapting gear ratio of wind generation system to run far from optimum maximum power point and help FRT process. Effectiveness of the two proposed FRT techniques has been proven by accurate simulation of the most severe disturbance conditions. Also, Results indicated that second technique gives faster response than the first one. Without employing any FRT technique, FSWGs cannot keep its stability and the standalone Micro-Grid (MG) transfers to the blackout mode. Implementation the two FRT techniques requires no additional hardware. Only, control algorithms need little modification to deal with fault event and help FRT process. This fact makes the two proposed FRT techniques are simple, practical and highly economical attractive.

The influence of spinning cup and disk atomizer configurations on droplet size and ejection velocity characteristics has been experimentally investigated. The Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) was used to measure spray characteristics in the downstream tangential distance along the spray trajectory. Four groups of both rotating disks and cups with different configurations have been experimentally studied. The first group comprises spinning disks serrated with different numbers of teeth ranging from 0 to 240. The second group includes spinning disks with different upper and lower edge angles in the range of 15° to 60°. The third set consists of spinning conical cups with different half cone angles ranging from 15° to 60° and different base diameters in the range of 0.002 to 0.06 m (2–60 mm). The last set includes spinning cylindrical cups with different heights in the range of 0.005 to 0.045 m (5–45 mm). The outer diameter of all cups and disks in all sets is 0.07 m. All experimental tests have been performed at a rotating speed of 1257 rad/s (12,000 rpm), and supply water flow rate of 2.22×10−6 m3/s (8 L/h). Measurements of Sauter mean diameter and average droplet velocity for droplets produced by studied cups and disks are compared with those of droplets produced by a regular flat disk atomizer. Comparisons indicate that all values of Sauter mean diameters and average droplet velocities for different configurations are statistically within 95% confidence level intervals around the mean of those produced by a regular flat disk. Numerically, the mean of Sauter mean diameters produced by different configurations of spinning disk and cup atomizers varied between −8% and 12% around the mean of Sauter mean diameter produced by a regular flat disk. In addition, the virtual slip ratio ranged between 18% and 41% for all atomizer configurations, while for a regular flat disk, it was 33%. The developed correlation predicting Sauter mean diameter produced by spinning regular flat disks can be satisfactorily used to predict those produced by rotating cup and disk atomizers with different configurations. In addition, the values of drag coefficient and drag force for droplets of a regular flat disk are slightly different from those calculated for investigated disk and cup atomizers.

The influence of spinning cup and disk atomizer configurations on droplet size and ejection velocity characteristics has been experimentally investigated. The Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) was used to measure spray characteristics in the downstream tangential distance along the spray trajectory. Four groups of both rotating disks and cups with different configurations have been experimentally studied. The first group comprises spinning disks serrated with different numbers of teeth ranging from 0 to 240. The second group includes spinning disks with different upper and lower edge angles in the range of 15° to 60°. The third set consists of spinning conical cups with different half cone angles ranging from 15° to 60° and different base diameters in the range of 0.002 to 0.06 m (2–60 mm). The last set includes spinning cylindrical cups with different heights in the range of 0.005 to 0.045 m (5–45 mm). The outer diameter of all cups and disks in all sets is 0.07 m. All experimental tests have been performed at a rotating speed of 1257 rad/s (12,000 rpm), and supply water flow rate of 2.22×10−6 m3/s (8 L/h). Measurements of Sauter mean diameter and average droplet velocity for droplets produced by studied cups and disks are compared with those of droplets produced by a regular flat disk atomizer. Comparisons indicate that all values of Sauter mean diameters and average droplet velocities for different configurations are statistically within 95% confidence level intervals around the mean of those produced by a regular flat disk. Numerically, the mean of Sauter mean diameters produced by different configurations of spinning disk and cup atomizers varied between −8% and 12% around the mean of Sauter mean diameter produced by a regular flat disk. In addition, the virtual slip ratio ranged between 18% and 41% for all atomizer configurations, while for a regular flat disk, it was 33%. The developed correlation predicting Sauter mean diameter produced by spinning regular flat disks can be satisfactorily used to predict those produced by rotating cup and disk atomizers with different configurations. In addition, the values of drag coefficient and drag force for droplets of a regular flat disk are slightly different from those calculated for investigated disk and cup atomizers.

نظراً لتضخم المشكلة الإسكانية بمصر والعالم العربى، لذا ظهرت مبادرات من بعض أعضاء هيئة التدريس بأقسام العمارة والتخطيط بالجامعات المصرية باضافة مقررات لكل من طلاب البكالوريوس والدراسات العليا بحيث تهتم بمشكلة وسياسات وأنماط ومقترحات الحلول للإسكان على كل من المستوى العالمى والقومى والمحلى. ونظرا لتشعب وكثرة الموضوعات التى تتضمنها دراسات الإسكان بل وارتباط قضايا التخطيط العمرانى والتنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والبيئية بها لذلك يثير هذا البحث تساؤلا هام حول نقاط الاختلاف والاتفاق بين المحتوى العلمى لمقرر الاسكان بأقسام العمارة والتخطيط بجمهورية مصر العربية. وتحاول الورقة البحثية أن تطرح فرضياتها فى صيغة أسئلة بحثية محورية: هل يمكن التوصل إلى إطار فكرى مشترك يعنى بتدريس مقرر الإسكان بأقسام العمارة والتخطيط بالجامعات المصرية؟ وهل يمكن تطوير تدريس مقرر الإسكان والارتقاء بها من خلال تطبيق هذا الإطار المشترك؟ لذا، استعرض البحث المقارنات التى تمت بين العينة المختارة من هذه الأقسام من حيث أسلوب تدريس مقرر الإسكان ومحتوى المقرر والمخرجات التعليمية المستهدفة منه. تمت تلك المقارنات من خلال حوارات مع القائمين على تدريس المقرر بالأقسام المختارة وتوصيف المقررات والمحاضرات وأدوات تقييم المقررات الدراسية طبقا لمعايير الجودة والاعتماد العالمية. وتهدف الورقة البحثية إلى إمكانية التوصل إلى إطار فكرى مشترك لصياغة منهج مقرر الإسكان بشكل يستوعب أفضل ما فى الاجتهادات التى تمت فى أقسام العمارة والتخطيط بالجامعات الحكومية المصرية.

History of Architecture is the discipline that records, studies and interprets heritage architecture. It studies its forms, purposes, and most importantly its evolution. Studying the History of Architecture is extremely important because it enables architecture students to understand the society and culture of the past they represent which is very useful when working as a contemporary architect. This paper proposes a means whereby the students can be integrated with, and part of, this past. Virtual reality is a technology with important applications in the teaching world. In a discipline like History, and more specifically History of Architecture, thanks to virtual reality, students can understand the architecture of a heritage building and the elements that comprise it in a more natural and intuitive way, using all the senses as if on a real visit. Students can freely move around historical spaces and scenes virtually reconstructed by computer. They can even enter the building on their own accord, make their own decisions regarding itinerary, the pace, the time they wish to devote to the visit, the aspects they want to pay attention to and the angle they wish to view from. This paper argues that changing the educational tools of teaching the course of History of Architecture -at the Department of Architecture, Assiut University- increases the acquired knowledge about the architectural content and bridges the gap between past and present. If the students could become the actual designers of virtual architectural heritage buildings, this allows them to become the protagonists of what happening, and this will give them better degree of freedom and creativity. This can be happen by merging two courses; History of Architecture and Computer Application II in order to increase the motivation that arouses students, more motivation equals more learning. The degree of interest and satisfaction while carrying out the didactic activities, modeling heritage buildings, is considered essential and fundamental to positive learning. This potential idea may provide the Egyptian tourism market with a series of primitive 3D models of Egyptian heritage buildings to be evolved and then to be utilized in the domains of virtual heritage and digital tourism.