In this paper, we propose a novel approach for 3D surface reconstruction of the hu- man jaw. Due to the difficulties of setting up a data acquisition system inside the mouth, we use an intra-oral camera to capture a sequence of calibrated images. These images are registered together to build a panoramic view of the jaw. We incorporate a shape from shading(SFS) algorithm that benefits from camera calibration parameters to build a 3D model from the panoramic image obtained from the previous stage. Our approach results in a 3D surface which has more fine details compared with those resulting from other lit- erature techniques. We will demonstrate different artificial jaws surfaces reconstruction to show the efficiency of our system

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for 3D surface reconstruction of the hu- man jaw. Due to the difficulties of setting up a data acquisition system inside the mouth, we use an intra-oral camera to capture a sequence of calibrated images. These images are registered together to build a panoramic view of the jaw. We incorporate a shape from shading(SFS) algorithm that benefits from camera calibration parameters to build a 3D model from the panoramic image obtained from the previous stage. Our approach results in a 3D surface which has more fine details compared with those resulting from other lit- erature techniques. We will demonstrate different artificial jaws surfaces reconstruction to show the efficiency of our system

The interconnection of renewable energy sources with distribution systems is attracting increasing interest because these renewable sources are inexhaustible and nonpolluting. Wind and photovoltaic are among the most mature of these energy sources, and their penetration continues to increase. In this paper a method based on GA (genetic algorithm) is presented to investigate the distribution system reconfiguration problem taking into consideration the effect of load variation and the stochastic power generation of renewable DG (distributed generators units). The presented method determines the annual distribution network reconfiguration scheme considering switching operation costs in order to minimize annual energy losses by determining the optimal configuration for each season of the year. The uncertainties related to DG power and varying load are considered by the creation of a probabilistic generation-load model that combines all possible operating conditions of the renewable DG units with the probability of their occurrence, followed by the incorporation of this model into the reconfiguration problem. The constraints include the voltage limits, the line current limits, the radial topology, and feeding of all loads. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, both balanced and unbalanced distribution systems are used as case studies.

tThis paper proposes a long-term planning method to maximize the benefits of network reconfigura-tion and distributed generation (DG) allocation in distribution networks. The proposed method handleslong-term yearly load increase and seeks to define the reinforcements (i.e., line upgrades, network recon-figuration, and DG integration) and when and where they are required to meet the load rise with minimalcost and acceptable quality standards. The objectives considered in this paper are: economic (costs ofline upgrades, energy losses, switching operations, and DG capital, operation and maintenance costs)and environmental (emissions from grid and DG units). The proposed method takes into considerationthe uncertainty related to renewable DG output power and the load variability. The long-term planningproblem is defined as multi-objective nonlinear mixed integer programming. The outcomes of the plan-ning problem are the Pareto front, which represents different optimum operating system points. Finally,the local distribution company (LDC) can choose the system operating point based on its preferences

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are becoming very common technology which combine sensing, processing, and wireless multi-hop networking. This paper provides a wide review of the present state about WSNs at the time of its writing. Following a top-down approach, WSNs concept, definition and applications is provided. Furthermore, an overview of WSNs constrains and judgment metrics such as lifetime and latency is given. Then, the communication protocol stack for WSNs is described, and protocols developed for each layer are discussed. Finally, this paper provides review and comparisons of current simulation programs All of these features make the paper valuable for an extensive variety of possible readers, researchers in WSNs, students stating research in WSNs, specialists wanting to offer WSN solutions, and WSN application designers.