The paper addresses the issue of child abuse (physical,sexual, emotional) in the context of demographical factors and other socio-economic parameters. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used with Structural Equation Modeling to arrive at the results.Factors such as age, gender, income level and education have a significant impact on hopelessness.Tendency of not disclosing when abused, not getting help, and getting deposed from are three dimensions which determine the construct of hopelessness in children. Abuses of female children at younger age lead to greater hopelessness.

The purpose of this study is to examine the negative affects of aggressive parenting on the social, emotional, and cognitive development of children across cultures and socioeconomic status. Multiple relevant and current disciplinary journals will be reviewed for the purpose of this study. Studies have shown that the effects of harsh and aggressive parenting can cause problematic behavioral issues in children. In this literature review, the focus will be directed toward the specific developmental factors being affected by aggressive parenting styles. The increase in aggressive behavior of children and of the parents will also be considered. The effects of stress, socioeconomic status, and cultural background on parenting styles will be examined for causation of aggressive parenting which leads to antisocial behavior in children. Finally, the view of long-term effects and psychopathology in adults who were raised in an environment where parenting was harsh and aggressive will be discussed. Studies have shown that harsh parenting can lead to difficulties in school, work, and self-reliant success. Self-efficacy and motivation can be stifled by a non-nurturing parenting style, which leads to complications in social and emotional interaction in adulthood.

Background:Low self-esteem originating in childhood often has a negative effect throughout a person’s life. Someone’s self-esteem is primarily a result of how he is treated by his parents, with influences also from school and the workplace. This study gathers information from a group of children in Assuit Governorate provinces in Egypt about their experiences of abuse and their responses with regard to their self-esteem.Methods:The study used a 23-item questionnaire with both open-ended and closed-ended questions, presented in a face-to-face situation with 1,751 children aged 10-12 years. Most of the items were structured as per the Likert scale of 1 to 5. Amos software was used, along with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with path diagram models. A GIS (geographic information system) approach was used for mapping and plotting the outcomes of the research.Results:Punishment, ill-treatment and lack of warmth and praise for children seem to be the main reasons for low self-esteem amongst childrenin the area of study. The gender of the child has no significant effect as regards the means of discipline, whereas the marital status and education of the parents does have an effect.Conclusions:Educating and disciplining children is not an easy task,and parents need to receive good guidance in this area, with a focus on instilling positive behavior in children and an awareness of what is acceptable and what is unacceptable behavior, in order to prevent them from behaving in unacceptable ways

The paper focuses on the application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to combat terrorist activities. Even though the Internet became a tool of mass destruction, upgraded information systems can help in understanding the landscape where the presence of terrorists is suspected. Thus, GIS can help in crime mapping and countering terrorism. Different tools and methods related to GIS technology are discussed here and their applications in ensuring effective security measures are focused upon. GIS provides the technology that enables geographical data collection from LIDAR, aerial photography and satellite imagery, data that is captured, stored, analysed and displayed in maps. The maps can reflect hot-spot gas field and oil field where terrorist activities are carried out. This also makes geography a key subject in understanding such activities. Apart from terrorism, the public health sector also has a huge application for GIS. Such technological method requires effective mapping and when combined with geospatial technologies, terrorism can be countered with appropriate action. The age of big data, digital mapping and other remote sensing technologies are discussed in the paper.

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Research Summary Minister of "Ghayath al-Din Muhammad" and his cultural role in the Ilkhans state (727ـ 736 A.H/ 1326ـ 1335 A.D) The importance of this study in the definition of one of the important political figures, and highlight the cultural role in the State of Ilkhans, and the impact of this role to improve the cultural conditions in the country. The method used in the study is the critical analytical approach, comparing the information in the Arabic, Persian and European literature to reach the desired historical facts. It is worth noting that there is no specific study on the minister "Ghayath al-Din Muhammad" and his cultural role in the Ilkhans state. However there is some information scattered about the different sources of his life and his work, as mentioned in the book "The effects of the ministers" of "oqali", and wrote "Constitution of Ministers", and "the History of Habib el syar" of "Khwandemir", and "the history of Gzidah" of "Qazweny", and "garden of the Safa" of "Mirkhund", and other Persian sources that dated the history of the Mongols in general. Which is repeated in Arab sources, and various European works as well. ج The study has been divided into four main areas; Where I dealt in the first axis of them: "The definition of the family of Ghayath al-Din Muhammad", while I dealt in the second axis "the Ministry of Ghayath al-Din Muhammad I", While highlighted in the third axis: "the Ministry of Ghayath al-Din Muhammad II", While I dealt with the fourth topic: "the cultural role of Minister Ghayath al-Din Muhammad", and the end of the research concluded with the results of the study.

Research Summary The novels of Coptic historians about the Arab conquest of Egypt "The novels of John the Neocus and Said bin Al-Batrek are examples" (18ـ 21 A.H/ 639ـ 641 A.D) The Arab conquest of Egypt, and the spread of Islam in it is one of the important historical stages that have swept the country through the different ages. Egypt witnessed during this historical period a significant development both in the political sphere and in the cultural field. The importance of the study is to highlight the Coptic position of the Arab conquest of Egypt through the novels of prominent Christian clergy. There is no doubt that these novels reflected the real impression of the majority of the country's population of Copts about the Arab conquest "Egypt", and welcome or not, which was clearly demonstrated through the study; which gave it special importance. Some of the different approaches have been used in research. There is the Transfer approach, which has been used to convey historical narratives in a literal manner, The analytical approach was used to explain and detail many of these novels, as well as the use of the critical approach to criticism of some novels, whether positive or negative, and finally The study examined the use of the comparative method by comparing some of the accounts of the historians "John the Neocus" and "Said Bin Al-Batrek" about some similar events related to the Arab conquest of Egypt. The study was divided into four main sections. The title of the first section is: "The definition of John the Neocons" The second section was entitled "The definition of Said Bin al-Batrek", while the third section dealt with "The novels of John the Neocus about the Arab conquest of Egypt", while the fourth section entitled "The novels of Said bin Al-Batrek about the Arab conquest of Egypt".

Research Summary The social councils of the Mongols of Al qabchak during the century (Eighth Hijri / fourteenth A.D) In light of the novels of "Ibn Batuta" The study sheds light on one of the social characteristics of Mongols of al qabchak, which is represented in their social councils in the light of the novels of the traveler "Ibn Batuta" as he passes through the areas of their influence. The study is conducted in all the details related to the councils of Mongols of al qabchak, and the external body of these councils, In addition to the internal manifestations as traditions, attendance, food and drinks on the other hand, whether in the upper, middle or lower classes. In this study, I used the analytical approach in the transfer of "Ibn Batuta's" novels about the social councils of Mongols of al qabchak in a literal manner. The analytic approach, the descriptive approach, and the critical approach were used to analyze, describe and critique "Ibn Batuta's" novels on the subject of the study. As for the problem of the study, it is possible to highlight the reasons for the convening of these types of councils, whether for political reasons or for cultural reasons or both? The study was divided into an introduction, a preface, and five main sections. In a preface I dealt with the definition of "Ibn Batuta" and then touched on his journey and its political, economic, social and cultural importance. Then I dealt with the first part of the study: "The definition of Mongols of al qabchak". The second section dealt with the "Social Councils of Uzbeg Khan", while the third section entitled "social Councils of the khatons". The fourth section was entitled "social councils of the Princes", The fifth section dealt with "the oratory's social councils". The study concluded with a conclusion that included the results obtained, an explanatory map of the locality of Mongols of al qabchak, and an appendix to the rulers of Mongols of al qabchak, Finally proven sources and references.

Research Summary The social councils of the Mongols of Al qabchak during the century (Eighth Hijri / fourteenth A.D) In light of the novels of "Ibn Batuta" The study sheds light on one of the social characteristics of Mongols of al qabchak, which is represented in their social councils in the light of the novels of the traveler "Ibn Batuta" as he passes through the areas of their influence. The study is conducted in all the details related to the councils of Mongols of al qabchak, and the external body of these councils, In addition to the internal manifestations as traditions, attendance, food and drinks on the other hand, whether in the upper, middle or lower classes. In this study, I used the analytical approach in the transfer of "Ibn Batuta's" novels about the social councils of Mongols of al qabchak in a literal manner. The analytic approach, the descriptive approach, and the critical approach were used to analyze, describe and critique "Ibn Batuta's" novels on the subject of the study. As for the problem of the study, it is possible to highlight the reasons for the convening of these types of councils, whether for political reasons or for cultural reasons or both? The study was divided into an introduction, a preface, and five main sections. In a preface I dealt with the definition of "Ibn Batuta" and then touched on his journey and its political, economic, social and cultural importance. Then I dealt with the first part of the study: "The definition of Mongols of al qabchak". The second section dealt with the "Social Councils of Uzbeg Khan", while the third section entitled "social Councils of the khatons". The fourth section was entitled "social councils of the Princes", The fifth section dealt with "the oratory's social councils". The study concluded with a conclusion that included the results obtained, an explanatory map of the locality of Mongols of al qabchak, and an appendix to the rulers of Mongols of al qabchak, Finally proven sources and references.