The present study was conducted through two successive seasons of (2007-2009) at Fac. Agric. Exptl. Farm. Assiut Univ. to sur-vey Arthropods associated with three grapevine varieties (Mus-cat, Thompson seedless and Az-merly) and study the seasonal fluctuations of the most abundant and economically injurious pests: black vine thrips, Retithrips syri-acus Mayet and European red mite, Panoychus ulmi Koch. Data of the survey study re-vealed the presence of 20 insect species belonging to 20 genera under 14 families of 8 orders. Moreover, mite species was rep-resented by three species belong-ing to three genera under two families of two orders. Intensive and extensive observations indi-cated that the collected insect and mite species can be classified according to their economic im-portance as pests included 19 insect species and two mite spe-cies. Predators included one in-sect species and one mite species. In the first season (2007/2008) R. syriacus started with low levels in April, increased in May and the maximum number of individuals on leaves was recorded in June and July, for the three grapevine varieties. Then, the number of individuals decline rapidly during the next six months (Aug.-Jan.). In the second season (2008/2009) the population den-sity of this insect species showed low level of multiplicity on Mus-cat and Thompson seedless dur-ing April and on Azmerly during June. The population increased through July and August to ex-hibit moderate monthly averages on the three varieties. A quick augmentation respecting the in-dividuals were recorded in Sep-tember on all grapevine varieties. Through November, December and January, the monthly aver-ages gradually decreased, and the pest completely disappeared in February on all the varieties tested. On the other hand, population of P. ulmi was beginning at low level of abundance during April in the first season or March and April in the second one for the three grapevine varieties. Through May in the first season or May and June in the second one, the population density of this mite species reached its utmost levels of abundance. Then, rapid descended in the level of population density was occurred through the next months, till disappeared in February in the first season and from September in the second one on the leaves of grapevine varieties.

The present study was conducted through two successive seasons of (2007-2009) at Fac. Agric. Exptl. Farm. Assiut Univ. to sur-vey Arthropods associated with three grapevine varieties (Mus-cat, Thompson seedless and Az-merly) and study the seasonal fluctuations of the most abundant and economically injurious pests: black vine thrips, Retithrips syri-acus Mayet and European red mite, Panoychus ulmi Koch. Data of the survey study re-vealed the presence of 20 insect species belonging to 20 genera under 14 families of 8 orders. Moreover, mite species was rep-resented by three species belong-ing to three genera under two families of two orders. Intensive and extensive observations indi-cated that the collected insect and mite species can be classified according to their economic im-portance as pests included 19 insect species and two mite spe-cies. Predators included one in-sect species and one mite species. In the first season (2007/2008) R. syriacus started with low levels in April, increased in May and the maximum number of individuals on leaves was recorded in June and July, for the three grapevine varieties. Then, the number of individuals decline rapidly during the next six months (Aug.-Jan.). In the second season (2008/2009) the population den-sity of this insect species showed low level of multiplicity on Mus-cat and Thompson seedless dur-ing April and on Azmerly during June. The population increased through July and August to ex-hibit moderate monthly averages on the three varieties. A quick augmentation respecting the in-dividuals were recorded in Sep-tember on all grapevine varieties. Through November, December and January, the monthly aver-ages gradually decreased, and the pest completely disappeared in February on all the varieties tested. On the other hand, population of P. ulmi was beginning at low level of abundance during April in the first season or March and April in the second one for the three grapevine varieties. Through May in the first season or May and June in the second one, the population density of this mite species reached its utmost levels of abundance. Then, rapid descended in the level of population density was occurred through the next months, till disappeared in February in the first season and from September in the second one on the leaves of grapevine varieties.

Dracaena marginata, Lam. Cuttings (tip, middle and basal) were treated with certain growth regulators (IAA,IBA and NAA), each applied individually at 1000 ppm as a powder, beside control treatment to define the most effective combination of auxin and cutting types stimulating the rootability.The highest percentage of rooted cuttings was resulted from IBA (73%) fol-lowed by IAA (46%) and NAA (32%). Tip-shoot cuttings showed the maximum rooting percentage (46%), while basal cuttings resulted in the minimum rooting percentage, however, middle cuttings appeared intermediate responses. Also, IBA produced higher number and shorter roots th an IAA. Similarly, basal cut-tings produced the highest root number and formed the shortest roots. Generally, tip-shoot cuttings treated with IBA 1000 ppm proved to be more effective treatment enhancing the rooting percentage (88%) and improving root characteristics.

Dracaena marginata, Lam. Cuttings (tip, middle and basal) were treated with certain growth regulators (IAA,IBA and NAA), each applied individually at 1000 ppm as a powder, beside control treatment to define the most effective combination of auxin and cutting types stimulating the rootability.The highest percentage of rooted cuttings was resulted from IBA (73%) fol-lowed by IAA (46%) and NAA (32%). Tip-shoot cuttings showed the maximum rooting percentage (46%), while basal cuttings resulted in the minimum rooting percentage, however, middle cuttings appeared intermediate responses. Also, IBA produced higher number and shorter roots th an IAA. Similarly, basal cut-tings produced the highest root number and formed the shortest roots. Generally, tip-shoot cuttings treated with IBA 1000 ppm proved to be more effective treatment enhancing the rooting percentage (88%) and improving root characteristics.

Dracaena marginata, Lam. Cuttings (tip, middle and basal) were treated with certain growth regulators (IAA,IBA and NAA), each applied individually at 1000 ppm as a powder, beside control treatment to define the most effective combination of auxin and cutting types stimulating the rootability.The highest percentage of rooted cuttings was resulted from IBA (73%) fol-lowed by IAA (46%) and NAA (32%). Tip-shoot cuttings showed the maximum rooting percentage (46%), while basal cuttings resulted in the minimum rooting percentage, however, middle cuttings appeared intermediate responses. Also, IBA produced higher number and shorter roots th an IAA. Similarly, basal cut-tings produced the highest root number and formed the shortest roots. Generally, tip-shoot cuttings treated with IBA 1000 ppm proved to be more effective treatment enhancing the rooting percentage (88%) and improving root characteristics.

Dracaena marginata, Lam. Cuttings (tip, middle and basal) were treated with certain growth regulators (IAA,IBA and NAA), each applied individually at 1000 ppm as a powder, beside control treatment to define the most effective combination of auxin and cutting types stimulating the rootability.The highest percentage of rooted cuttings was resulted from IBA (73%) fol-lowed by IAA (46%) and NAA (32%). Tip-shoot cuttings showed the maximum rooting percentage (46%), while basal cuttings resulted in the minimum rooting percentage, however, middle cuttings appeared intermediate responses. Also, IBA produced higher number and shorter roots th an IAA. Similarly, basal cut-tings produced the highest root number and formed the shortest roots. Generally, tip-shoot cuttings treated with IBA 1000 ppm proved to be more effective treatment enhancing the rooting percentage (88%) and improving root characteristics.

Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone stem bark extracts from nine tree species; Pinus halepensis, Leucaenia leucocephala, Ficus sycomorus, Quercus ruber, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia arjuna, Bauhinia variegate, Cassia fistula and Kegelia africana growing in Assiut, Egypt were investigated for their anti-microbial activity against three bacterial and three fungal species in vitro as well as their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging. Patterns of in-hibition varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and the organism tested. Acetone extract of K. africana gave the maximum significant inhibitory effect against the three bacterial strains. Bacillus cereus was the most inhibited bacteria, followed by Erwinia carotovora. The maximum antifungal activity was noticed in different extracts of C. fistula against the three fungal strains; Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani with sig-nificant differences comparing with the other extracts. Samples extracted by ac-etone and ethanol, respectively, showed significant increment in antibacterial and antifungal activities over either methanol or aqueous ones, which recorded the minimum inhibition. The methanol extract of both K. africana and B. varie-gate showed the strongest inhibition of DPPH radical activity. The EC50 reached its lowest values with acetone extract of A. lebbeck followed by ethanol and ac-etone extracts of P. halepensis.

Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone stem bark extracts from nine tree species; Pinus halepensis, Leucaenia leucocephala, Ficus sycomorus, Quercus ruber, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia arjuna, Bauhinia variegate, Cassia fistula and Kegelia africana growing in Assiut, Egypt were investigated for their anti-microbial activity against three bacterial and three fungal species in vitro as well as their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging. Patterns of in-hibition varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and the organism tested. Acetone extract of K. africana gave the maximum significant inhibitory effect against the three bacterial strains. Bacillus cereus was the most inhibited bacteria, followed by Erwinia carotovora. The maximum antifungal activity was noticed in different extracts of C. fistula against the three fungal strains; Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani with sig-nificant differences comparing with the other extracts. Samples extracted by ac-etone and ethanol, respectively, showed significant increment in antibacterial and antifungal activities over either methanol or aqueous ones, which recorded the minimum inhibition. The methanol extract of both K. africana and B. varie-gate showed the strongest inhibition of DPPH radical activity. The EC50 reached its lowest values with acetone extract of A. lebbeck followed by ethanol and ac-etone extracts of P. halepensis.

Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone stem bark extracts from nine tree species; Pinus halepensis, Leucaenia leucocephala, Ficus sycomorus, Quercus ruber, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia arjuna, Bauhinia variegate, Cassia fistula and Kegelia africana growing in Assiut, Egypt were investigated for their anti-microbial activity against three bacterial and three fungal species in vitro as well as their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging. Patterns of in-hibition varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and the organism tested. Acetone extract of K. africana gave the maximum significant inhibitory effect against the three bacterial strains. Bacillus cereus was the most inhibited bacteria, followed by Erwinia carotovora. The maximum antifungal activity was noticed in different extracts of C. fistula against the three fungal strains; Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani with sig-nificant differences comparing with the other extracts. Samples extracted by ac-etone and ethanol, respectively, showed significant increment in antibacterial and antifungal activities over either methanol or aqueous ones, which recorded the minimum inhibition. The methanol extract of both K. africana and B. varie-gate showed the strongest inhibition of DPPH radical activity. The EC50 reached its lowest values with acetone extract of A. lebbeck followed by ethanol and ac-etone extracts of P. halepensis.

The current study was conducted to test antimicrobial activity of aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi) against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica), using the agar well-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also determined. Besides, phytochemical constituents of the volatile oil of camel thorn aerial parts were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis. Data of the antibacterial assay showed significant activity of all extracts against various bacterial strains at the concentration of 256 mg/ml. The methanolic extract showed the highest inhibi-tion zone and the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration against all tested bacterial strains. The lowest inhibition zone and comparatively greater minimum inhibitory concentration was induced by the aqueous extract. Ethanol and acetone extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. Chromatographic analysis revealed the identification of 66 phytocompounds most of which have been previously reported to possess anti-microbial, antitumor, antiseptic, preservative, insecticidal and antioxidant ac-tivities. The most abundant compounds were 1-(3-Furyl)-4b,7,7,9b,11a-pentamethyl-3,8-dioxohexadecahydrooxireno[d]oxireno[7,8]naphtho[2,1-f]isochromen-5-yl acetate; Hexa-t-butylselenatrisiletane; 4-(2-Methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-but-3-en-2-one and 1,3-Dimethyladamantane.