This survey was designed to study the diversity and occurrence of rhizosphere and rhizoplane fungi in the protectorate of Assiut in Egypt, followed by testing the ability of the most common isolated fungal strains to produce mycotoxins. Not many mycological studies have been carried out to describe the fungal fl ora of this area, which will be of great signifi cance for the endemic mycobiota. Rhizosphere and rhizoplane samples were collected from the protectorate of Assiut, which represents one of the largest distinctive regions of newly reclaimed soil at the Assiut Governorate. The identifi cation of the isolated fungi during our investigation was carried out using the morphological and microscopic features according to many references and confi rmed by the Assiut University Mycology Center ( AUMC). The most common four fungal species were examined for their capability to produce mycotoxins; in addition, chemical confi rmatory tests for mycotoxins were examined.