Glandularia is one of the genera that has few published phytochemical studies and, for many years, it was considered to be within the genus Verbena. Verbena is known to be rich in iridoids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids. Three iridoid glucosides, 6β-hydroxyipolamiide, phlomiol, and pulchelloside I were isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Glandularia gooddingii (Briq.) Solbrig and elucidated by extensive analysis of the 1D- and 2D-NMR as well as by HR-ESI-QTOF mass spectra. Identification of these iridoids and determining their chemical nature supports the chemotaxonomic classification of the genus Glandularia and defines certain members belonging to it. This is the first report of the X-ray crystal structure of 6β-hydroxyipolamiide

Background

Serratus anterior plane (SAP) block, a novel regional anesthetic procedure, involves the anterolateral chest wall. Opioid receptors have been found on peripheral nerve terminals, so morphine may have a local action.

Objective

This work aimed at exploring the analgesic efficacy of morphine added to bupivacaine in SAPB in patients for whom modified radical mastectomy was conducted and whether it is a mere local effect.

Methods

Forty female patients were planned to have modified radical mastectomy participated in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Control group (C): received ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block with 20 mL of bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.25%; Morphine group (M): received the same in addition to 10 mg morphine sulfate. Intra-and post-operative blood samples were taken for the assessment of morphine serum levels. All patients were assessed for …

Wound healing could be categorized as a chronic disorder which needs a prompt and effective medication. Nowadays, vascular problems and wound-healing progression studies relay on the role of metformin; however, the exact mechanisms for its beneficial effects are still not completely understood. The aim of the present work was to study the potential of metformin hydrochloride, MET-HCL hydrogel in wound healing after topical administration. MET-HCL hydrogel was formulated using different hydrogel bases then characterised for its drug content and pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and in vitro release. Furthermore, the wound-healing activity was evaluated in rats. Clinical study was also performed in patients showing lower limbs traumatic wounds and cutaneous ulcers. In addition, histopathology and immunohistochemical studies were also investigated. Results showed that MET-HCL hydrogels have a high drug content, and they are homogenous and spreadable with minimum sheer stress and showed null irritation. Furthermore, carbopol showed the optimum gel base for the highest MET-HCL release. Wound healing activity in rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage wound contraction from the day-7 compared with plain hydrogel. Clinical study revealed a complete healing of traumatic wounds and cutaneous ulcers after 21 and 30 days, respectively. Moreover, histopathology investigation showed a complete restoration of connective tissue matrix and re-epithelization of the induced wound. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed a significant expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). In conclusion, MET-HCL hydrogel is a promising formulation for topical treatment of wounds with effective and faster healing activity. 

Searchingforsafeandeffectivedrugdeliverycarriershasgainedalotofdemandinrecentyears.Thisiswhy naturalcarriersbecomethetargetofresearchersworkinginthatfield.Inthisstudy,buffalo'smilkisinvestigated asanaturallipophiliccarrierforthedeliveryofamodellipophilicdrug,lornoxicam(LOR).LORhasbeenloaded intomilkfatglobulesviahomogenization.Thehomogenizedfatglobulesandcaseinmicelleswerecharacterized fortheirsize,charge,surfacemorphology,andentrapmentefficiencyofLORintofatglobules.AnewHPLC-UV detectionmethodcoupledwithliquid-liquidextraction(LLE)procedurewasdevelopedandfullyvalidatedfor thequantitativedeterminationofLORinfatglobules.Resultsshowedthatdynamiclightscatteringofblankand loadedfatglobuleshadasimilarparticlesizesof3.42±2.80and3.61±0.20µm,respectively,provingthatthe medicated casein micelles regained its nanostructure after entrapping LOR. Furthermore, they have a polydispersity index of 0.21 and 0.27, respectively, which revealed their homogeneity. Transmission electron microscopeimagesshowedirregularlyroundedorcubicalnon-aggregatedfatglobulesloadedLORwheretheblank oneswerespherical.ThechangeinsurfacemorphologyisattributedtotheincorporationofLORinfatglobules. ThedevelopedHPLC-UVmethodshowedalinearresponseforLORintherangeof0.01-100µg/mLwithahigh correlationcoefficientof0.998,andanexcellentdetectionlimitof0.002µg/mL.Moreover,themeanrecoveries of LOR from whole milk samples ranged from 86.5% to 100.1% using the adopted LLE procedure. The entrapment efficiency for LOR in the milk fat globules was calculated using the developed HPLC-UV and LLE method. It was found to be approximating 100 % whereas, there was no drug detected in the skimmed milk portion.Inconclusion,thefatportionofthemilkcouldbeconsideredasapotentialnanocarrierandextremely stablecolloidaldispersionsystemforthedeliveryoflipophilicdrugssuchasLOR.
 

Manufacture of low-dose tablet products has always the uniformity challenge. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of key process variables of a gentle-wing high shear mixer on the uniformity of 1.0% w/ w albuterol sulphate/microcrystalline cellulose blend. Albuterol sulphate and excipients were mixed at various impeller and chopper speeds from 0.5 to 30 min. Triplicate samples were taken from nine different positions in the mixer bowl and the albuterol content was analyzed spectrophotometrically. Long mixing time (15 min) was necessary to achieve proper blend uniformity at low speeds of impeller and chopper. Otherwise, when the high chopper speed was applied, demixing occurred after 8 min with low impeller speed and after 6 min with high impeller speed. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis indicated the significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) of impeller speed and mixing time on the uniformity of the powder blends. Finally, dry mixing of low-dose based formulations in a gentle-wing high shear mixer; improving the dispersion of drug particles and formation of stable interactive mixture upon suitable selection of process variables. This study make the process variables of gentle-wing mixer a better candidate for further investigation and optimization using quality by design approach.