The aim of the study is to identify the risk factors of protein energy malnutrition among children under five years of age in Assiut university children hospital. A correlation descriptive research design was chosen for this study. A convenient sampling design was followed to include children suffering from protein energy malnutrition aged below 5 years. Control group was purposively selected to be nearly age and sex matched. A total of 150 study and 150 control were included. The results revealed that PEM was more found in children in families of middle and low socioeconomic status with statistically significant differences, history of malnutrition in other sibling and younger age than others, statistically significant differences between practices of mothers in the cases than the control groups were found regarding breast feeding, artificial feeding and additional and adult food with low level of satisfactory practices observed among mothers in the cases than those in the control groups. From this study it can be concluded that several risk factors were found to be associated with PEM including, lower education level of the mother, number of children in the family as the number of children in the family decreased , the prevalence of PEM increased, low and middle family socioeconomic status, age of the child, children with the younger age are more vulnerable to have PEM than those of older age and mothers' practices regarding feeding of their children (breast feeding, artificial feeding as well as additional and adult food) unsatisfactory practices of mothers regarding feeding of their children increase the prevalence of PEM among their children. This study recommended that Supporting and promotion of breast feeding, avoid using of artificial feeding and bottles, health education to the mothers about proper feeding practices, breast feeding, artificial feeding and additional and adult food to prevent PEM, increasing mother's awareness related to risk factors of PEM and how to manage the different infections among their children and encourage vaccination at the appropriate time.

Nutrition support can result in improved wound healing, a decreased catabolic response to injury, enhanced immune system function, improved gastrointestinal structure and function, and improved clinical outcomes). The appropriately and timely nutritional intervention can improve patient recovery and survival, decrease complication rates, and decrease costs. Gastrointestinal complications (vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal distension) are most commonly associated with complications derived from enteral feeding. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the effect of the intermittent enteral feeding schedule on the occurrence of gastrointestinal complications and the length of the hospital stay among critically ill patients at Assiut University Hospitals. Design: a quasi-experimental design. Setting: trauma ICU at Assiut University Hospitals and the study took approximately one year started from July 2010 till July 2011. Patients: A convenience sample of 80 adults' critically ill patients on enteral feeding constituted the study sample. The patients were assigned randomly into two equal groups (control group and study group, 40 patients each).. Methods: The only manipulation was in the rest period and time interval in which the study group subjects were rested 8hours at night as compared to 6hours for the control ones, as well study group subjects were having 4hours time interval between each two consecutive feeding as compared to 2hours for control group subjects. Results: There was a significant statistical difference between both groups (p=0.000)indicating lesser hospital stay among study group subjects (52.5 % of the study group subjects were hospitalized less than one month as compared to 35 % of the control group subjects were stayed between 30 to less than 45 days). It was also found that, 57.5% of control group patients developed gastrointestinal complications as compared to 45% of the study group patients (n.s). Conclusion: intermittent 4-hour enteral feeding schedule had lowered the incidence of gastrointestinal complication and length of the hospital stay.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an emerging global epidemic disease. Egypt reports the highest incidence in the world. Aim of the study: To estimate seroprevalence and to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HCV and HBV among barbers and their customers in Assiut District, Egypt. Methods: Quesi-experimental research design carried out in Assiut District and City. Included 350 participants (175 barbers and 175 customers). Data collected by using three tools; tool (1): interview form consisted of four parts; first part included demographic data. The second part included assessment of medical and surgical history of barbers and customers. The third part included assessment of knowledge regarding the HCV&HBV. Fourth part: Included serological blood tests to detect infection with HCV and HBV. Tool (2): Included Likert attitude scale. Tool (3): Observational checklist to assess practices of barbers and customers.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an emerging global epidemic disease. Egypt reports the highest incidence in the world. Aim of the study: To estimate seroprevalence and to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HCV and HBV among barbers and their customers in Assiut District, Egypt. Methods: Quesi-experimental research design carried out in Assiut District and City. Included 350 participants (175 barbers and 175 customers). Data collected by using three tools; tool (1): interview form consisted of four parts; first part included demographic data. The second part included assessment of medical and surgical history of barbers and customers. The third part included assessment of knowledge regarding the HCV&HBV. Fourth part: Included serological blood tests to detect infection with HCV and HBV. Tool (2): Included Likert attitude scale. Tool (3): Observational checklist to assess practices of barbers and customers.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an emerging global epidemic disease. Egypt reported the highest incidence in the world. Aim of the study: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of barbers and their customers regarding HCV and HBV. Setting: The study carried out in Assiut District and City. Design: Descriptive research design. Sample: Included 350 participants (175 barbers and 175 customers). Tools of the study: Data collected by three tools; Tool (1): interview form included three parts; first part included demographic data; second part included assessment of medical and surgical history of barbers and customers and third part included assessment of knowledge regarding the HCV&HBV. Tool (2): Included Likert attitude scale. Tool (3): Observational checklist to assess practices of barbers and customers. Results: Majority of barbers and their customers (88.6% and 80.6% respectively) had poor knowledge regarding HCV and HBV. Conclusion: There was a statistical significant difference among customers' knowledge, their level of education and their residence. Moreover there was a significant difference between customers' attitude and their residence. Recommendations: Need for ongoing training and retraining programs for barbers regarding methods of prevention of parentally transmitted hepatitis. Increase public awareness about risk factors and prevention methods of HCV and HBV infection.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an emerging global epidemic disease. Egypt reported the highest incidence in the world. Aim of the study: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of barbers and their customers regarding HCV and HBV. Setting: The study carried out in Assiut District and City. Design: Descriptive research design. Sample: Included 350 participants (175 barbers and 175 customers). Tools of the study: Data collected by three tools; Tool (1): interview form included three parts; first part included demographic data; second part included assessment of medical and surgical history of barbers and customers and third part included assessment of knowledge regarding the HCV&HBV. Tool (2): Included Likert attitude scale. Tool (3): Observational checklist to assess practices of barbers and customers. Results: Majority of barbers and their customers (88.6% and 80.6% respectively) had poor knowledge regarding HCV and HBV. Conclusion: There was a statistical significant difference among customers' knowledge, their level of education and their residence. Moreover there was a significant difference between customers' attitude and their residence. Recommendations: Need for ongoing training and retraining programs for barbers regarding methods of prevention of parentally transmitted hepatitis. Increase public awareness about risk factors and prevention methods of HCV and HBV infection.

Women in developing countries face many barriers that prevent them from receiving adequate, timely cervical cancer screening. In Egypt the prevalence of cervical cancer was 7.8/100,000 with 2713 newly annual reported cases. Objectives: to increase women's awareness of cervical cancer risk using counseling and to determine nursing's role in the screening tests. Methods: A cross sectional design of non-pregnant, non-virginal women was recruited. Results: 450 non-pregnant women were counseled and consented for screening. The nurse was able to identify squamous columnar junction 100%. In comparing positive visual inspection with acetic acid(VIA) to pap smear screening results, findings were 17.1% (n=77) and 5.1% (n=68), respectively. In comparing negative VIA to pap smear screening results findings were 82.9% (n=373) and 83.8% (n=377), respectively. Conclusion: Nurse's performing VIA is as effective screening tool for determining precancerous or cancerous lesions.