Oral hygiene is a basic task of nurses who caring for ICU patients . So, critical care nurses must be aware of the best method of oral care for the critically ill patient. There are many questions about oral care that need to be explored further. These include the best option for care, brushing versus swabbing. Hence, the present study aim to compare between tooth brushes and cotton swabs in their ability to remove dental plaque among patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Quasi-experimental research design was used to conduct this research .This study was carried out at the general intensive care unit in Assiut University Hospitals . A Convenient sample of sixty adults patients receiving mechanical ventilation constituted the study sample. They were divided into two equal groups 30 for each . group G1who received oral care by using tooth brush, Group G2 who received oral care by using the cotton swab .TOOLS, Two tools were used to collect the data in this study ,tool one "Patient’s assessment sheet ". Tool two: " evaluation sheet" . Results : finding of the current study revealed that The percent of Oral assessment guide score increase with belonged day until reached on the seventh day 93.33% of (G1) had mild compromise score (7-12 score) While, 80.00% of (G2) had compromise score (13-18 score) with highly statistical significant difference between two groups. the percent of Oral Hygiene Index score increase with belonged day until reached on the seventh day 46.67% of (G1) had score (1) While 93.33% of (G2) had score 3 , with highly statistical significant difference between two groups , regarding the result of oropharyngeal swab on the seventh day, it was noticed that 46.67% of (G1) had growth swab. While 100% of the control group (G2) had growth swab. Conclusion ,the current study concluded that the toothbrushes are more effective in plaque removal than cotton swabs. Recommendations:based on the current study finding it can be recommended the use of a soft pediatric brush to remove debris and subsequent plaque to assist in decreasing microbial colonization. Moreover, training program should be established to update critical care nurses' knowledge and skills about oral hygienic care .

Abstract Over the past several decades, the traditional superior- subordinate model for management has given way to more democratic approaches. A core concept for most of these new approaches to management is empowerment. `Empowerment is management practice of sharing information, rewards, and power with employees so that they can take initiative and make decisions to solve problems and improve service and performance. Aim: Is to study factors that promote empowerment among nurses at Main Assuit University Hospital. Subject and method: The research design a comparative descriptive design, study subject consisted of (237) staff nurses working at Main Assuit University Hospital. The data collected through self – administered questionnaire includes demographic data sheet and work empowerment promoting factors scale which developed by Shelton (2002).Results: There is significant difference among different departments regarding empowerment competence, empowerment self-determination and interactional justice. There were no statistically significant differences between all factors of empowerment with sex and levels of education among the studied nurses. The study concluded that empowerment meaning, competence, self determination and its' impact will promote nurses empowerment rather than procedural justice and international justice which present as regard to department, age, sex, level of education, years of experience. So, nurse managers must provide staff nurses by sources of job-related empowerment, namely access to opportunities, information, support and resources and nurses should be allowed to participate in decision making to empower them, as well as increasing their feeling of autonomy

Renal failure is a life-threating condition in which there is a buildup of waste and fluid in the body due to severe deterioration of kidney function. The prevalence of both acute and chronic renal failure is high in the Arab World. The aim of this study: is to assess the nurses' knowledge and practice related to nursing care of children undergoing hemodialysis at Assiut city. Descriptive and analytic research design was adopted to meet the aim of this study. Subject and methods: This study was conducted in Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit in Assuit Children University Hospital, El–Mabarah Hospital and El–Eyman General Hospital. The study included convenience sample of 48 nurses from different Nephrology Units at Assiut City. There are two tools used for collecting data in the study, tool one is a structured interview questionnaire sheet consists of two parts: First Part concerned with personal data of the studied nurses as: nurses’ name and age. Second Part concerned with nurses knowledge regarding renal failure and hemodialysis. Tool two a structured observational checklist sheet to evaluate the nurses' practice Result: The main results of study demonstrated that there is no statistical significant difference between the nurses' knowledge and their practice regarding nursing care of children undergoing hemodialysis. There is statistical significant difference between the nurses' knowledge scores and their practice with age. Conclusion: The most of AUH nurses had higher score of knowledge related to renal failure and hemodialysis than the ministry of health hospitals. Nurse's practice regarding hemodialysis children in nephrology unit at Assiut university children hospital is higher than that of nurses working at the Ministry of Heath Hospitals. Recommendations: Continuous nursing educational and in-service training programs on Kidney dialysis to upgrade the knowledge and skills of practicing nurses, Periodic monitoring of nurses knowledge and practice to evaluate the level of nurses.

Bullying has a pervasive deleterious effect on the whole organization and ultimately the quality of patient care.This study aimed at determining workplace bullying against nursing and medical team working at emergency departments in the Assiut University hospital, Egypt. The descriptive cross-sectional research designand stratified random sampling technique were used on 517 participants, 104 of them were medical staff and 413 were nursing staff. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which included the socio-demographic data, negative acts questionnaire-revised, job satisfaction scale, the hospital anxiety and depression scale and self-esteem scale.The findings of the study indicated that 93.2%, 87.5% of the nursing and medical team, respectively, were exposed to even one incident of bullying in the previous six months. Moreover, 39.0% of the nursing team mentioned that they were exposed to more than half of the Negative Acts Questionnaire. Patients' visitors were the main sources of bullying. A positive correlation was found between bullying and anxiety and depression among the medical and nursing team. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between bullying and job satisfaction and self- esteem among the medical and nursing teams. So., we suggest an introduction of a reporting system and education activities for those high-risk groups.

Abstract Chronic lower limb ischemia is a prevalent systemic atherosclerotic disease that impairs a patient's quality of life and untreated disease can lead to limb loss. The aim was; to evaluate the impact of a designed nursing teaching protocol on quality of life of patients with chronic lower limb ischemia. Research hypotheses; Participants will have less disease symptoms as compared to prior application of nursing protocol, The functional capacity will improve as presented by ankle brachial index, The knowledge of studied patients after application of nursing protocol will be higher than their knowledge before protocol, and quality of life of participants will improve. A quasi – experimental research design was utilized. The study was conducted at vascular surgery department and its outpatient clinics of Assuit University Hospital. A convenience sample of sixty adult male and female patients. Tools for data collection; tool I "Patients' structured assessment sheet", tool II “Vascular quality of life questionnaire". The control group exposed to routine hospital care and assessed two times by using tool I and tool II. While study group patients received the contents of the designed nursing teaching protocol and assessed two times also by using the same tools. Data was collected & analyzed. Results concluded that; all patients in both groups were having unsatisfactory level of knowledge about disease in the time of admission. While in the time of follow up; the control group still had unsatisfactory level of knowledge and most of the study group patients became having satisfactory level of knowledge which reflected into their quality of life. As their quality of life became good. Theses study findings documented that; the more information the patient is provided the better equips to manage this chronic disorder.

Abstract: This study was amid to assessing the organizational justice, trust and commitment in three university hospitals at Assuit and studying the effect of organizational justice and trust on employees' commitment at different setting. Research design: was a cross-sectional descriptive correlation research design. Setting: The study was carried out at Assiut University Hospitals (main, pediatric and woman reproductive health hospital) Subject: included a representative sample (727) from the total number of nurses who working in the three hospitals. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection; namely Organizational Justice Questionnaire, Organizational Trust Scale, and Commitment Scale Items. Results revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between organizational justice and trust, a positive relationship between organizational justice and commitment, organizational trust was have a positive and significant relationship on employees' commitment Conclusions: Organizational justice was significantly correlated with organizational trust and commitment. Recommendation: Organizational management should apply and create what is called climate of fairness and trust through working within a team contribution. Nurse managers should guiding staff nurses with feedback, open communication and give them the opportunities to exchange ideas that fosters a genuine commitment.

Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus, resulting in or caused by its death. The aim of this study: Assess the impact of Immediate Versus Delayed Post Abortion Family Planning Counseling on Increasing Contraceptive Rate Subjects and method: All the included Post abortion women were randomly assigned into two main groups, Intervention Group women was counseled immediately after abortion about the family planning methods. The Control Group women who were receive the same counseling information but after one week of abortion at the Out Patient Family Planning Clinics. Results: The majority of both groups had no pregnancy with using family planning methods "79.0%&79.5%" respectively, with sig, differences between both groups P.V (0.040). Conclusion: There is Sig. differences with P.V (0.001) between Intervention and Control group as regards to the rate of contraceptive use. So Delayed is better than Immediate post abortion Family Planning Counseling on Increasing Contraceptive Rate. Recommendations: Public health promotion programs approved by the Ministry of Health should promote child-spacing, modern methods of contraception.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a world wide life threatening condition. Psycho- social factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and expression of myocardial infarction, which includes: Depression, anxiety, personality factors, social isolation and chronic life stress. The aim of the study: Psychological assessment of patients with myocardial infarction. Patients and methods: The study included 119 patients (78 (65.6%) males and 41(34.4%) females). The study was recruited at cardiac outpatient clinic of Assiut University Hospital during one year duration from 1st December 2009 until 30th November 2010. Methods: Each patient was assessed through Symptoms Check list-90-Revised (SCL- 90- R), Beck depression inventory (BDI) and Norbeck social supportive scale. Results: The highest percentage of subjects were males (65.6%), above 50 years old, resided in urban areas, illiterate, with low socio economic state, not working, had acute onset of ischemia, ( had hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, not practice exercise and with family history of MI) as risk factors, also 25.2% had complication of MI, 59.7% with bad social supportive network, according to SCL- 90 –revised symptoms, revealed that high percentage of patients had psychiatric symptoms, 88.2% had symptoms of depression, 90.8% anxiety, 67.2% stress, 65.5% Somatization, 37.8% sensitivity, 37.8% hostility, 42.9% paranoia, 44.5% phobia, 54.6%obsession, 36.1% psychosis. Conclusion and Recommendation: Psychiatric symptoms are very frequent findings in patients with myocardial infarction and have to be detected and managed accordingly.

Psychiatric patients may experience many stressors and these can predispose to infection. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess acute infections and life events stressors among hospitalized psychiatric patients. Patients and methods: The study subject included 204 patients admitted at the inpatients psychiatric unit of Assiut university hospital during the period from December 2009 to November 2010. Methods: Each patient was assessed through Psychiatric diagnosis was made according to DSM-IV-TR, and clinically screened for acute infection and evaluated for stress through Social Readjustment Rating Scale, . Results: The study results revealed that the majority of sample (68%) aged from (20-40) years old with mean age (30.28), 79.4% of them were in the middle socioeconomic class. 49.5% of studied sample had respiratory tract infection, 12.7% has skin infection, 10.8% has gastrointestinal infection 9.8% urinary tract infection and 14.7% two system affection, 74% of patients had major stress, significantly higher in female (P0.001). Conclusion and Recommendation: The study recommended that establishing training course for psychiatric nurses to improve their performance in early detection, helping in management and prevent spreading of infectious diseases in psychiatric unit.

Psychiatric patients may experience many stressors and these can predispose to infection. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess acute infections and life events stressors among hospitalized psychiatric patients. Patients and methods: The study subject included 204 patients admitted at the inpatients psychiatric unit of Assiut university hospital during the period from December 2009 to November 2010. Methods: Each patient was assessed through Psychiatric diagnosis was made according to DSM-IV-TR, and clinically screened for acute infection and evaluated for stress through Social Readjustment Rating Scale, . Results: The study results revealed that the majority of sample (68%) aged from (20-40) years old with mean age (30.28), 79.4% of them were in the middle socioeconomic class. 49.5% of studied sample had respiratory tract infection, 12.7% has skin infection, 10.8% has gastrointestinal infection 9.8% urinary tract infection and 14.7% two system affection, 74% of patients had major stress, significantly higher in female (P0.001). Conclusion and Recommendation: The study recommended that establishing training course for psychiatric nurses to improve their performance in early detection, helping in management and prevent spreading of infectious diseases in psychiatric unit.