Autism is a neurological disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, qualitative impairments in communication, and restricted repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Autistic Spectrum Disorders are relatively common without known etiology can be found in 80-90% of cases. The aim of this study is to recognize the risk factors for Autistic Spectrum Disorders at Assiut City. The study was descriptive research design; it was conducted in all autism centers at Assiut city which includes 7 centers and included 47 parents who agree to participate in this study selected by convenient sample. The study included a structured interview sheet; this sheet divided into two parts Socio demographic characteristics, and parent’s knowledge about risk factors of Autism. The main findings of the study are: male represent a higher prevalence (72.3%) rate of autism than females (27.7%), and autistic children were more prevalent among families living in urban areas (80.9%) than rural (19.1%). The present study clears that (63.8%) of the fathers and 61.7% of the mothers had university level, the majority (85.1%) of autistic parents’ children hadn’t consanguinity degree while only (14.9%) from them had consanguinity from first degree (cousin), the vast majorities (97.9%) of studied children haven’t family history of autism; the present study found that all mothers of studied children hadn't any history of rubella, diabetes, thyroid and infectious diseases while only (4.3%) were exposed to eclampsia. The study recommended that, increase of public awareness about the risk factors of autism and its prevention by community leaders, mass media, and others especially at rural area. The curriculum of medicine and nursing faculties should include the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (risk factors, diagnosis and different treatment methods). Further studies should be conducted and gained a lot of attention for Autistic children and their parents.

Autism is a neurological disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, qualitative impairments in communication, and restricted repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Autistic Spectrum Disorders are relatively common without known etiology can be found in 80-90% of cases. The aim of this study is to recognize the risk factors for Autistic Spectrum Disorders at Assiut City. The study was descriptive research design; it was conducted in all autism centers at Assiut city which includes 7 centers and included 47 parents who agree to participate in this study selected by convenient sample. The study included a structured interview sheet; this sheet divided into two parts Socio demographic characteristics, and parent’s knowledge about risk factors of Autism. The main findings of the study are: male represent a higher prevalence (72.3%) rate of autism than females (27.7%), and autistic children were more prevalent among families living in urban areas (80.9%) than rural (19.1%). The present study clears that (63.8%) of the fathers and 61.7% of the mothers had university level, the majority (85.1%) of autistic parents’ children hadn’t consanguinity degree while only (14.9%) from them had consanguinity from first degree (cousin), the vast majorities (97.9%) of studied children haven’t family history of autism; the present study found that all mothers of studied children hadn't any history of rubella, diabetes, thyroid and infectious diseases while only (4.3%) were exposed to eclampsia. The study recommended that, increase of public awareness about the risk factors of autism and its prevention by community leaders, mass media, and others especially at rural area. The curriculum of medicine and nursing faculties should include the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (risk factors, diagnosis and different treatment methods). Further studies should be conducted and gained a lot of attention for Autistic children and their parents.

Renal failure is a life-threating condition in which there is a buildup of waste and fluid in the body due to severe deterioration of kidney function. The prevalence of both acute and chronic renal failure is high in the Arab World. The aim of this study: is to assess the nurses' knowledge and practice related to nursing care of children undergoing hemodialysis at Assiut city. Descriptive and analytic research design was adopted to meet the aim of this study. Subject and methods: This study was conducted in Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit in Assuit Children University Hospital, El–Mabarah Hospital and El–Eyman General Hospital. The study included convenience sample of 48 nurses from different Nephrology Units at Assiut City. There are two tools used for collecting data in the study, tool one is a structured interview questionnaire sheet consists of two parts: First Part concerned with personal data of the studied nurses as: nurses’ name and age. Second Part concerned with nurses knowledge regarding renal failure and hemodialysis. Tool two a structured observational checklist sheet to evaluate the nurses' practice Result: The main results of study demonstrated that there is no statistical significant difference between the nurses' knowledge and their practice regarding nursing care of children undergoing hemodialysis. There is statistical significant difference between the nurses' knowledge scores and their practice with age. Conclusion: The most of AUH nurses had higher score of knowledge related to renal failure and hemodialysis than the ministry of health hospitals. Nurse's practice regarding hemodialysis children in nephrology unit at Assiut university children hospital is higher than that of nurses working at the Ministry of Heath Hospitals. Recommendations: Continuous nursing educational and in-service training programs on Kidney dialysis to upgrade the knowledge and skills of practicing nurses, Periodic monitoring of nurses knowledge and practice to evaluate the level of nurses.

Renal failure is a life-threating condition in which there is a buildup of waste and fluid in the body due to severe deterioration of kidney function. The prevalence of both acute and chronic renal failure is high in the Arab World. The aim of this study: is to assess the nurses' knowledge and practice related to nursing care of children undergoing hemodialysis at Assiut city. Descriptive and analytic research design was adopted to meet the aim of this study. Subject and methods: This study was conducted in Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit in Assuit Children University Hospital, El–Mabarah Hospital and El–Eyman General Hospital. The study included convenience sample of 48 nurses from different Nephrology Units at Assiut City. There are two tools used for collecting data in the study, tool one is a structured interview questionnaire sheet consists of two parts: First Part concerned with personal data of the studied nurses as: nurses’ name and age. Second Part concerned with nurses knowledge regarding renal failure and hemodialysis. Tool two a structured observational checklist sheet to evaluate the nurses' practice Result: The main results of study demonstrated that there is no statistical significant difference between the nurses' knowledge and their practice regarding nursing care of children undergoing hemodialysis. There is statistical significant difference between the nurses' knowledge scores and their practice with age. Conclusion: The most of AUH nurses had higher score of knowledge related to renal failure and hemodialysis than the ministry of health hospitals. Nurse's practice regarding hemodialysis children in nephrology unit at Assiut university children hospital is higher than that of nurses working at the Ministry of Heath Hospitals. Recommendations: Continuous nursing educational and in-service training programs on Kidney dialysis to upgrade the knowledge and skills of practicing nurses, Periodic monitoring of nurses knowledge and practice to evaluate the level of nurses.

Bullying has a pervasive deleterious effect on the whole organization and ultimately the quality of patient care.This study aimed at determining workplace bullying against nursing and medical team working at emergency departments in the Assiut University hospital, Egypt. The descriptive cross-sectional research designand stratified random sampling technique were used on 517 participants, 104 of them were medical staff and 413 were nursing staff. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which included the socio-demographic data, negative acts questionnaire-revised, job satisfaction scale, the hospital anxiety and depression scale and self-esteem scale.The findings of the study indicated that 93.2%, 87.5% of the nursing and medical team, respectively, were exposed to even one incident of bullying in the previous six months. Moreover, 39.0% of the nursing team mentioned that they were exposed to more than half of the Negative Acts Questionnaire. Patients' visitors were the main sources of bullying. A positive correlation was found between bullying and anxiety and depression among the medical and nursing team. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between bullying and job satisfaction and self- esteem among the medical and nursing teams. So., we suggest an introduction of a reporting system and education activities for those high-risk groups.

Bullying has a pervasive deleterious effect on the whole organization and ultimately the quality of patient care.This study aimed at determining workplace bullying against nursing and medical team working at emergency departments in the Assiut University hospital, Egypt. The descriptive cross-sectional research designand stratified random sampling technique were used on 517 participants, 104 of them were medical staff and 413 were nursing staff. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which included the socio-demographic data, negative acts questionnaire-revised, job satisfaction scale, the hospital anxiety and depression scale and self-esteem scale.The findings of the study indicated that 93.2%, 87.5% of the nursing and medical team, respectively, were exposed to even one incident of bullying in the previous six months. Moreover, 39.0% of the nursing team mentioned that they were exposed to more than half of the Negative Acts Questionnaire. Patients' visitors were the main sources of bullying. A positive correlation was found between bullying and anxiety and depression among the medical and nursing team. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between bullying and job satisfaction and self- esteem among the medical and nursing teams. So., we suggest an introduction of a reporting system and education activities for those high-risk groups.

Bullying has a pervasive deleterious effect on the whole organization and ultimately the quality of patient care.This study aimed at determining workplace bullying against nursing and medical team working at emergency departments in the Assiut University hospital, Egypt. The descriptive cross-sectional research designand stratified random sampling technique were used on 517 participants, 104 of them were medical staff and 413 were nursing staff. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which included the socio-demographic data, negative acts questionnaire-revised, job satisfaction scale, the hospital anxiety and depression scale and self-esteem scale.The findings of the study indicated that 93.2%, 87.5% of the nursing and medical team, respectively, were exposed to even one incident of bullying in the previous six months. Moreover, 39.0% of the nursing team mentioned that they were exposed to more than half of the Negative Acts Questionnaire. Patients' visitors were the main sources of bullying. A positive correlation was found between bullying and anxiety and depression among the medical and nursing team. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between bullying and job satisfaction and self- esteem among the medical and nursing teams. So., we suggest an introduction of a reporting system and education activities for those high-risk groups.

Abstract Chronic lower limb ischemia is a prevalent systemic atherosclerotic disease that impairs a patient's quality of life and untreated disease can lead to limb loss. The aim was; to evaluate the impact of a designed nursing teaching protocol on quality of life of patients with chronic lower limb ischemia. Research hypotheses; Participants will have less disease symptoms as compared to prior application of nursing protocol, The functional capacity will improve as presented by ankle brachial index, The knowledge of studied patients after application of nursing protocol will be higher than their knowledge before protocol, and quality of life of participants will improve. A quasi – experimental research design was utilized. The study was conducted at vascular surgery department and its outpatient clinics of Assuit University Hospital. A convenience sample of sixty adult male and female patients. Tools for data collection; tool I "Patients' structured assessment sheet", tool II “Vascular quality of life questionnaire". The control group exposed to routine hospital care and assessed two times by using tool I and tool II. While study group patients received the contents of the designed nursing teaching protocol and assessed two times also by using the same tools. Data was collected & analyzed. Results concluded that; all patients in both groups were having unsatisfactory level of knowledge about disease in the time of admission. While in the time of follow up; the control group still had unsatisfactory level of knowledge and most of the study group patients became having satisfactory level of knowledge which reflected into their quality of life. As their quality of life became good. Theses study findings documented that; the more information the patient is provided the better equips to manage this chronic disorder.

Abstract Chronic lower limb ischemia is a prevalent systemic atherosclerotic disease that impairs a patient's quality of life and untreated disease can lead to limb loss. The aim was; to evaluate the impact of a designed nursing teaching protocol on quality of life of patients with chronic lower limb ischemia. Research hypotheses; Participants will have less disease symptoms as compared to prior application of nursing protocol, The functional capacity will improve as presented by ankle brachial index, The knowledge of studied patients after application of nursing protocol will be higher than their knowledge before protocol, and quality of life of participants will improve. A quasi – experimental research design was utilized. The study was conducted at vascular surgery department and its outpatient clinics of Assuit University Hospital. A convenience sample of sixty adult male and female patients. Tools for data collection; tool I "Patients' structured assessment sheet", tool II “Vascular quality of life questionnaire". The control group exposed to routine hospital care and assessed two times by using tool I and tool II. While study group patients received the contents of the designed nursing teaching protocol and assessed two times also by using the same tools. Data was collected & analyzed. Results concluded that; all patients in both groups were having unsatisfactory level of knowledge about disease in the time of admission. While in the time of follow up; the control group still had unsatisfactory level of knowledge and most of the study group patients became having satisfactory level of knowledge which reflected into their quality of life. As their quality of life became good. Theses study findings documented that; the more information the patient is provided the better equips to manage this chronic disorder.