Abstract : Death rate of liver cirrhosis is 41.6% in Egypt. It is important to assess the nutritional status of this group of patients and design nutritional regimen because these patients suffer from protein calorie malnutrition. The aim of this study was assessment of the impact of a designed nutritional regimen on patients with liver cirrhosis. Patient and Methods: 60 adult patients with liver cirrhosis as a study group and 20 patients as a control group, the study were conducted at Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department at Asyut University hospital. Tools utilized for data collection were :( I) patient assessment sheet (II) nutritional assessment sheet, and (III) Construction of nutritional regimen. Results: The most common malnutrition risk factors were dry mouth, taste alteration, food intolerance, multiple medications and the presence of ascites. Number of patients who didn't suffer from malnutrition increased post implication of the nutritional regimen one and three months later. Conclusions: the application of the nutritional regimen for patients with liver cirrhosis showed an improvement in patient's nutritional status. Recommendations: Nutritional support and regimen, advice and guidelines by dietitian should be undertaken for all cirrhotic patients to prevent occurrence of complications of malnutrition and improve clinical outcome.

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery is one of the most common clinical entities in daily orthopaedic practice. The Aim of the study is to assess nursrs knowledge and practice for patients with ACL surgery. Quasi experimental research design was utilized in this study .This study was conducted in arthroscopy and sports injuries unit at orthopaedic department at Assiut University Hospital. A convenient sample of all available nurses (44 nurses) was included in this study. Data collected by utilizing the designed interview questionnaire sheet consists of biosocial characteristics of nurses , assessment of nurses's knowledge, observation checklist sheet to assess nurses's practice. The results can be concluded that (93.2) of nurses had an poor level of knowledge regarding ACL, all of nurses (100%) had an inadequate level of practice regarding patients who had ACL surgery . It was found that there was a strong relationship (r =.838, P = .0001) between total knowledge and total practice. Conclusion: Nurses`s knowledge and practice regarding patient who had ACL surgery in orthopaedic department of Assiut University Hospitals are unsatisfactory and inadequate. Recommendation :All nurses need to develop nursing care standards for patients with ACL surgery to improve nurses` knowledge and practice

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery is one of the most common clinical entities in daily orthopaedic practice. The Aim of the study is to assess nursrs knowledge and practice for patients with ACL surgery. Quasi experimental research design was utilized in this study .This study was conducted in arthroscopy and sports injuries unit at orthopaedic department at Assiut University Hospital. A convenient sample of all available nurses (44 nurses) was included in this study. Data collected by utilizing the designed interview questionnaire sheet consists of biosocial characteristics of nurses , assessment of nurses's knowledge, observation checklist sheet to assess nurses's practice. The results can be concluded that (93.2) of nurses had an poor level of knowledge regarding ACL, all of nurses (100%) had an inadequate level of practice regarding patients who had ACL surgery . It was found that there was a strong relationship (r =.838, P = .0001) between total knowledge and total practice. Conclusion: Nurses`s knowledge and practice regarding patient who had ACL surgery in orthopaedic department of Assiut University Hospitals are unsatisfactory and inadequate. Recommendation :All nurses need to develop nursing care standards for patients with ACL surgery to improve nurses` knowledge and practice

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery is one of the most common clinical entities in daily orthopaedic practice. The Aim of the study is to assess nursrs knowledge and practice for patients with ACL surgery. Quasi experimental research design was utilized in this study .This study was conducted in arthroscopy and sports injuries unit at orthopaedic department at Assiut University Hospital. A convenient sample of all available nurses (44 nurses) was included in this study. Data collected by utilizing the designed interview questionnaire sheet consists of biosocial characteristics of nurses , assessment of nurses's knowledge, observation checklist sheet to assess nurses's practice. The results can be concluded that (93.2) of nurses had an poor level of knowledge regarding ACL, all of nurses (100%) had an inadequate level of practice regarding patients who had ACL surgery . It was found that there was a strong relationship (r =.838, P = .0001) between total knowledge and total practice. Conclusion: Nurses`s knowledge and practice regarding patient who had ACL surgery in orthopaedic department of Assiut University Hospitals are unsatisfactory and inadequate. Recommendation :All nurses need to develop nursing care standards for patients with ACL surgery to improve nurses` knowledge and practice

Stressors arisen from clinical practice have been well documented. Critical care nursing students perceived a high stress level when dealing with critically ill patients who characterized by presence of actual and/or potential life threatening health problems. Nursing students managed the negative effect of stress by utilizing coping strategies. .Aim: The study conducted to identify critical care nursing students' stressors and coping strategies related to clinical practice at intensive care and emergency units. Methodology: a descriptive correlational design was conducted in Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut City. Critical care nursing students (n= 128) were asked to fill in the study tools which include nursing students' characteristics, Perceived Stress Scale (PPS), and Coping Behavior Inventory (CBI) scale. Results: The main results yielded by findings indicated that most perceived stress among nurse students was related to assignments and workload (3.4+ 0.7) followed by stress related to ICU clinical environment (3.2+ 0.9). The most frequent used and effective coped strategies were related to problem solving (2.4 + 0.7) and (2.4 + 0.8) respectively. Recommendation: study the effect of stress management techniques on stress level among nursing students.

Cognitive impairment is a frequent consequence of stroke. The study aimed to measure the effect of cognitive rehabilitation of elderly patients with stroke on their cognitive function and activities of daily living. Quasi experimental research design were used in this study. This study was conducted at neuropsychiatric, physical medicine and rehabilitation departments at Assiut University hospital, their number were 70 elderly stroke patients aged 60 years and above, (study group, 35, control group, 35) . Six tools were utilized ,tool 1: Socio- demographic characteristics and questions about stroke tool II: Mini-Mental State Examination tool III: Digit Span tool IV: Logical memory tool V: Geriatric Depression Scale. Tool VI: Barthel Index scale. The rehabilitation program: consist of five practical session about spatial memory, attention and concentration, visual attention, fish face task and N400 task and three theoretical session about health education for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and prevention of recurrent stroke. The main result of the present study revealed that a significant statistical difference was existed between both studied groups in relation to Min Mental State Examination (P-value = 0.000*). Conclusion: Application of training program about cognitive impairment of stroke elderly patients have significant therapeutic effect on cognitive function, and on activities of daily living. Recommendation: Routine use of screening assessment of cognitive impairment in every stroke patient for early detection, and Health education to the elderly patients and caregivers about the possible ways of prevention of recurrent stroke and ways for controlling of diabetes and hypertension

Cognitive impairment is a frequent consequence of stroke. The study aimed to measure the effect of cognitive rehabilitation of elderly patients with stroke on their cognitive function and activities of daily living. Quasi experimental research design were used in this study. This study was conducted at neuropsychiatric, physical medicine and rehabilitation departments at Assiut University hospital, their number were 70 elderly stroke patients aged 60 years and above, (study group, 35, control group, 35) . Six tools were utilized ,tool 1: Socio- demographic characteristics and questions about stroke tool II: Mini-Mental State Examination tool III: Digit Span tool IV: Logical memory tool V: Geriatric Depression Scale. Tool VI: Barthel Index scale. The rehabilitation program: consist of five practical session about spatial memory, attention and concentration, visual attention, fish face task and N400 task and three theoretical session about health education for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and prevention of recurrent stroke. The main result of the present study revealed that a significant statistical difference was existed between both studied groups in relation to Min Mental State Examination (P-value = 0.000*). Conclusion: Application of training program about cognitive impairment of stroke elderly patients have significant therapeutic effect on cognitive function, and on activities of daily living. Recommendation: Routine use of screening assessment of cognitive impairment in every stroke patient for early detection, and Health education to the elderly patients and caregivers about the possible ways of prevention of recurrent stroke and ways for controlling of diabetes and hypertension

Cognitive impairment is a frequent consequence of stroke. The study aimed to measure the effect of cognitive rehabilitation of elderly patients with stroke on their cognitive function and activities of daily living. Quasi experimental research design were used in this study. This study was conducted at neuropsychiatric, physical medicine and rehabilitation departments at Assiut University hospital, their number were 70 elderly stroke patients aged 60 years and above, (study group, 35, control group, 35) . Six tools were utilized ,tool 1: Socio- demographic characteristics and questions about stroke tool II: Mini-Mental State Examination tool III: Digit Span tool IV: Logical memory tool V: Geriatric Depression Scale. Tool VI: Barthel Index scale. The rehabilitation program: consist of five practical session about spatial memory, attention and concentration, visual attention, fish face task and N400 task and three theoretical session about health education for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and prevention of recurrent stroke. The main result of the present study revealed that a significant statistical difference was existed between both studied groups in relation to Min Mental State Examination (P-value = 0.000*). Conclusion: Application of training program about cognitive impairment of stroke elderly patients have significant therapeutic effect on cognitive function, and on activities of daily living. Recommendation: Routine use of screening assessment of cognitive impairment in every stroke patient for early detection, and Health education to the elderly patients and caregivers about the possible ways of prevention of recurrent stroke and ways for controlling of diabetes and hypertension

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role, the chronic inflammation is associated with air way hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing particularly at night or in the early morning. A Standard defined as benchmark of achievement which is based on a desired level of excellence, it reflects a desired and achievable level of performance against which actual performance can be compared and provides a guide to the knowledge, skills, judgment & attitudes that are needed to practice safely and help to ensure high quality care. (Arun, 2009).The aim of this study is to develop nursing care standards for patients with bronchial asthma. A Descriptive research design was utilized in this study on a convenient sample of 30 nurses, the majority of the nurses 90% their age ranged from 20 -40 years .The most period of working experiences in chest department (60 %) of nurses was 5 - 10 years. This study was conducted at Sohag university hospitals. Tools utilized for data collection were a) Nurse’s Knowledge Questionnaire sheet. b) Observational Checklist. C) Construction of standard nursing care booklet. Results: show that; 40 % of nurses had knowledge regarding bronchial asthma at satisfactory level while 30 % & 30 % of nurses had knowledge regarding nursing care standards of bronchial asthma at unsatisfactory and good level respectively and also had practice regarding applying suctioning at high percentage with Mean ± SD 18.73 ± 1.94 In addition to the result showed that nurses had practice regarding applying pulse oximetry at low percentage of score with Mean ± SD 6.90 ± 3.34, The result showed that nurses had zero percentage in Measuring peak expiratory because it is not applicable to nurses. It was concluded that nurses' practice in the nursing care standard regarding bronchial asthma were unsatisfactory. It was needed to be improved through implementation of proposed nursing care standards of bronchial asthma.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role, the chronic inflammation is associated with air way hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing particularly at night or in the early morning. A Standard defined as benchmark of achievement which is based on a desired level of excellence, it reflects a desired and achievable level of performance against which actual performance can be compared and provides a guide to the knowledge, skills, judgment & attitudes that are needed to practice safely and help to ensure high quality care. (Arun, 2009).The aim of this study is to develop nursing care standards for patients with bronchial asthma. A Descriptive research design was utilized in this study on a convenient sample of 30 nurses, the majority of the nurses 90% their age ranged from 20 -40 years .The most period of working experiences in chest department (60 %) of nurses was 5 - 10 years. This study was conducted at Sohag university hospitals. Tools utilized for data collection were a) Nurse’s Knowledge Questionnaire sheet. b) Observational Checklist. C) Construction of standard nursing care booklet. Results: show that; 40 % of nurses had knowledge regarding bronchial asthma at satisfactory level while 30 % & 30 % of nurses had knowledge regarding nursing care standards of bronchial asthma at unsatisfactory and good level respectively and also had practice regarding applying suctioning at high percentage with Mean ± SD 18.73 ± 1.94 In addition to the result showed that nurses had practice regarding applying pulse oximetry at low percentage of score with Mean ± SD 6.90 ± 3.34, The result showed that nurses had zero percentage in Measuring peak expiratory because it is not applicable to nurses. It was concluded that nurses' practice in the nursing care standard regarding bronchial asthma were unsatisfactory. It was needed to be improved through implementation of proposed nursing care standards of bronchial asthma.