Abstract Background: Urinary incontinence had adverse effects on quality of life among elderly subjects through both physical and psychosocial consequences and a significant impact on physical health and daily functioning. Study Aim: assess the quality of life among elderly patient with urinary incontinence. Subject & methods: A descriptive research design was used. the study was conducted in urology outpatient at Assiut university and El Eman general hospital. The total sample size was 395 elderly. Two tools were used. The 1st tool: Interview questionnaire include personal characteristics, the 2nd tool: Urogenital Distress Inventory and Adapted Incontinence Impact Questionnaires to assess quality of life among elderly patients with urinary incontinence. Results: 79.6% of elderly patients had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding UI. There was relationship between QOL & urinary incontinence. It have a significant impact on the QOL for elderly patient. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence has significant negative impact on the QOL among elderly subjects (physical activity, social relationships/ travel, and emotional health). Recommendations: providing an Educational programs to increase the knowledge of the elderly patients about factors associated with urinary incontinence among the elderly people can guide actions to reduce and prevent occurrence of disease.

Abstract Background: Urinary incontinence had adverse effects on quality of life among elderly subjects through both physical and psychosocial consequences and a significant impact on physical health and daily functioning. Study Aim: assess the quality of life among elderly patient with urinary incontinence. Subject & methods: A descriptive research design was used. the study was conducted in urology outpatient at Assiut university and El Eman general hospital. The total sample size was 395 elderly. Two tools were used. The 1st tool: Interview questionnaire include personal characteristics, the 2nd tool: Urogenital Distress Inventory and Adapted Incontinence Impact Questionnaires to assess quality of life among elderly patients with urinary incontinence. Results: 79.6% of elderly patients had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding UI. There was relationship between QOL & urinary incontinence. It have a significant impact on the QOL for elderly patient. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence has significant negative impact on the QOL among elderly subjects (physical activity, social relationships/ travel, and emotional health). Recommendations: providing an Educational programs to increase the knowledge of the elderly patients about factors associated with urinary incontinence among the elderly people can guide actions to reduce and prevent occurrence of disease.

Abstract Background: Urinary incontinence had adverse effects on quality of life among elderly subjects through both physical and psychosocial consequences and a significant impact on physical health and daily functioning. Study Aim: assess the quality of life among elderly patient with urinary incontinence. Subject & methods: A descriptive research design was used. the study was conducted in urology outpatient at Assiut university and El Eman general hospital. The total sample size was 395 elderly. Two tools were used. The 1st tool: Interview questionnaire include personal characteristics, the 2nd tool: Urogenital Distress Inventory and Adapted Incontinence Impact Questionnaires to assess quality of life among elderly patients with urinary incontinence. Results: 79.6% of elderly patients had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding UI. There was relationship between QOL & urinary incontinence. It have a significant impact on the QOL for elderly patient. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence has significant negative impact on the QOL among elderly subjects (physical activity, social relationships/ travel, and emotional health). Recommendations: providing an Educational programs to increase the knowledge of the elderly patients about factors associated with urinary incontinence among the elderly people can guide actions to reduce and prevent occurrence of disease.

Abstract: Diabetic patient education on appropriate self-care play a key role in preventing foot complications. The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of an educational program on diabetic foot care for elderly. Quasi experimental research design was utilized. The study was conducted at four rural villages in Assiut city. The total number of participants was 100 diabetic elderly patients which chosen by a multi- stage sampling technique. Two tools were developed by the researchers; tool I: A structured interview questionnaire include two parts, 1st Part included demographic data. The 2nd part included questions for assessing foot self-care knowledge, tool II: an observational checklist to assess the elderly' practice regarding foot care. The results revealed that 85.0% of the studied elderly are diabetic since 5-10 years and (91.0%) of them hadn’t diabetes foot. Good score of elderly` knowledge about foot care in pre, post and follow up were (0.0%, 21.0% and 16.0% respectively). Also (4.0%, 93.0% and 63.0% respectively) had satisfactory score of practice in pre, post and follow up, with a statistically significant difference in pre and post tests and in pre and follow up tests. The study concluded that there is a serious lack of diabetic foot care knowledge and practice among the studied elderly. Health education intervention succeeded in improving them which suggest the essential foot care education should be acquainted to a larger group in different health care centers over a longer period of time. Advanced research is recommended to determine at whether the increases in foot care practices should be implemented and re-enforced.

Abstract: Diabetic patient education on appropriate self-care play a key role in preventing foot complications. The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of an educational program on diabetic foot care for elderly. Quasi experimental research design was utilized. The study was conducted at four rural villages in Assiut city. The total number of participants was 100 diabetic elderly patients which chosen by a multi- stage sampling technique. Two tools were developed by the researchers; tool I: A structured interview questionnaire include two parts, 1st Part included demographic data. The 2nd part included questions for assessing foot self-care knowledge, tool II: an observational checklist to assess the elderly' practice regarding foot care. The results revealed that 85.0% of the studied elderly are diabetic since 5-10 years and (91.0%) of them hadn’t diabetes foot. Good score of elderly` knowledge about foot care in pre, post and follow up were (0.0%, 21.0% and 16.0% respectively). Also (4.0%, 93.0% and 63.0% respectively) had satisfactory score of practice in pre, post and follow up, with a statistically significant difference in pre and post tests and in pre and follow up tests. The study concluded that there is a serious lack of diabetic foot care knowledge and practice among the studied elderly. Health education intervention succeeded in improving them which suggest the essential foot care education should be acquainted to a larger group in different health care centers over a longer period of time. Advanced research is recommended to determine at whether the increases in foot care practices should be implemented and re-enforced.

Abstract Background: Anemia is common in older adults aged 65 years and older, associated with morbidity, mortality, and increases the risk for cognitive decline [1]. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between anemia and risk factors for poor cognitive function in elderly patients. Patients and method: This study included one hundred elderly patients at internal medicine department in Assiut University hospital, which chosen randomly for three months from the first of January 2018 to the end of March 2018. Each elderly patients were assessed through socio-demographic data, hemoglobin level, activities of daily living (ADL), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Body mass index (BMI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) Results: Anemia was shown in 78 % of patients, in comparison to patients without anemia, anemic patients showed significantly poor MMSE score (19±3.4 vs. 24±2.5; p0.001), high CCI (3.7±1.2 vs. 2.8±0.85; p=0.001) and associated with severe functional impairment (38.5%vs 13.8%; p0.001). A significant negative correlation between MMSE scores with age (r= -0.357, p0.001) and CCI (r= -0.508, p0.001) were detected. Conclusion: Older age, low education level, anemia, and comorbidity are predictive for impaired cognitive function. Increased BMI and full daily activities are protective against cognitive function impairment. Recommendation: Health education program for elderly regarding the causes, risk factors and treatment of anemia.

Abstract Background: Anemia is common in older adults aged 65 years and older, associated with morbidity, mortality, and increases the risk for cognitive decline [1]. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between anemia and risk factors for poor cognitive function in elderly patients. Patients and method: This study included one hundred elderly patients at internal medicine department in Assiut University hospital, which chosen randomly for three months from the first of January 2018 to the end of March 2018. Each elderly patients were assessed through socio-demographic data, hemoglobin level, activities of daily living (ADL), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Body mass index (BMI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) Results: Anemia was shown in 78 % of patients, in comparison to patients without anemia, anemic patients showed significantly poor MMSE score (19±3.4 vs. 24±2.5; p0.001), high CCI (3.7±1.2 vs. 2.8±0.85; p=0.001) and associated with severe functional impairment (38.5%vs 13.8%; p0.001). A significant negative correlation between MMSE scores with age (r= -0.357, p0.001) and CCI (r= -0.508, p0.001) were detected. Conclusion: Older age, low education level, anemia, and comorbidity are predictive for impaired cognitive function. Increased BMI and full daily activities are protective against cognitive function impairment. Recommendation: Health education program for elderly regarding the causes, risk factors and treatment of anemia.

Abstract: Background: Elderly people with inadequate health literacy are less mindful of health behaviors significance. Study aim: to detect the effect of health literacy program on health risk behaviors among the elderly. Methodology: Quasi-experimental design was used; the study was carried out at two geriatric clubs (Geriatric club in Legitimacy Assembly and Geriatric club of Islamic cultural center). The program was conducted on participants with low health literacy level; their number was 150 older adults. Tools: four tools were utilized. Tool I: Self-administered questionnaire: It includes the socio-demographic characteristics and questions related to health risk behaviors. Tool II: Body mass index calculation. Tool III: Health Literacy Assessment Scale. Tool IV: Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine Scale (REALM). Results: adequate health literacy level score increases from 0 at pretest to 78.7%, 76% respectively at post test & follow up test. Also, there was a significant difference between pre and post-test regarding health literacy level P 0.0001. Conclusion: Low health literacy is associated with health behaviors and poor adherence of prescribed medications. Recommendation: Evidence-based communication strategies as ‘teach back’ method are more effective with clients.

Abstract: Background: Elderly people with inadequate health literacy are less mindful of health behaviors significance. Study aim: to detect the effect of health literacy program on health risk behaviors among the elderly. Methodology: Quasi-experimental design was used; the study was carried out at two geriatric clubs (Geriatric club in Legitimacy Assembly and Geriatric club of Islamic cultural center). The program was conducted on participants with low health literacy level; their number was 150 older adults. Tools: four tools were utilized. Tool I: Self-administered questionnaire: It includes the socio-demographic characteristics and questions related to health risk behaviors. Tool II: Body mass index calculation. Tool III: Health Literacy Assessment Scale. Tool IV: Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine Scale (REALM). Results: adequate health literacy level score increases from 0 at pretest to 78.7%, 76% respectively at post test & follow up test. Also, there was a significant difference between pre and post-test regarding health literacy level P 0.0001. Conclusion: Low health literacy is associated with health behaviors and poor adherence of prescribed medications. Recommendation: Evidence-based communication strategies as ‘teach back’ method are more effective with clients.

Abstract: Background: Elderly people with inadequate health literacy are less mindful of health behaviors significance. Study aim: to detect the effect of health literacy program on health risk behaviors among the elderly. Methodology: Quasi-experimental design was used; the study was carried out at two geriatric clubs (Geriatric club in Legitimacy Assembly and Geriatric club of Islamic cultural center). The program was conducted on participants with low health literacy level; their number was 150 older adults. Tools: four tools were utilized. Tool I: Self-administered questionnaire: It includes the socio-demographic characteristics and questions related to health risk behaviors. Tool II: Body mass index calculation. Tool III: Health Literacy Assessment Scale. Tool IV: Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine Scale (REALM). Results: adequate health literacy level score increases from 0 at pretest to 78.7%, 76% respectively at post test & follow up test. Also, there was a significant difference between pre and post-test regarding health literacy level P 0.0001. Conclusion: Low health literacy is associated with health behaviors and poor adherence of prescribed medications. Recommendation: Evidence-based communication strategies as ‘teach back’ method are more effective with clients.