Abstract: Background: Ageing related decline in muscle mass and strength with subsequent muscle weakness has been associated with increased risk of falls in older adults. Strengthening and balance training are currently recommended for older persons to improve muscle mass, strength, and eventually, independence in daily living activities. Aim of the study: to determine the impact of strengthening and balance exercises on postural balance and fall risk among Elderly at Assiut Geriatric clubs. Subject and methods: A quasiexperimental pre and post-test research design was utilized in this study. The study sample included 88 elderly selected from Assiut geriatric clubs. Tools: Data was collected by utilizing a designed interview questionnaire sheet that included two tools; one for collection of demographic data and medical problems, and the other included Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to assess the balance status of the elderly Results: 80.7% of the elderly had high risk for falling in pre-test while this score decreased to30.7%after exercise. There was statistically significant difference between pre and post-test among participants (P= 0.000). Conclusion: the balance status of the elderly improved after the application of the strengthening and balance training exercises compared to the pre-test results according to berg balance scale. Recommendation: Increasing public awareness and educating the elderly and their caregiver about the importance of strengthening and balance training exercise to reduce the risk of falls.

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the name of a group of behaviors found in many children and adults. Children with ADHD have trouble paying attention in school or at home. Children may be much more active and/or impulsive than what is usual for their age; these behaviors contribute to significant problems in relationships, learning and behavior. Aim of the work: The study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude of teachers toward (ADHD). Subjects and Methods: The study was descriptive cross sectional research design; it was conducted in ten public primary schools at Assiut city which selected randomly and the sample size was (360). Three tools used in the present study, the first tool include personal characteristics of the participants, the second tool Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS) to measure teachers’ knowledge and perceptions about ADHD and the last tool teachers' attitudes scale toward children with ADHD to assess teachers’ beliefs and attitudes toward ADHD. Results: The main findings of the study were more than two fifth (42.2%) of teachers had pervious dealing with ADHD and more than three quarters (76.1%) of them had unsatisfactory level of knowledge; while more than half (55.0%) of teachers had positive attitude toward ADHD. Also there was statistical significant correlation (r=0.249 & P= 0.000*) between total score of teachers' knowledge and attitude toward ADHD. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the teachers had poor knowledge while attitude of them were positive. Recommendation: The study recommended that teachers' knowledge must be improved by implementing the educational program about ADHD.

Background:  Food Allergy is an abnormal response to a food protein triggered by the body’s immune system. Aim of the study: To assess knowledge and attitude of university students about   food allergy. Research design: descriptive research design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in 4 randomly selected faculties at Assiut University (Faculty of Social Work, Computers and Information, Arts and Veterinary Medicine).Total sample 931.  Two tools was used (first tool) A structured self-administered questionnaire consisted of two part; first part included personal characteristic data .The second part included assessment of knowledge about food allergy. (second tool) likert scale to assess attitude  toward food allergy. Results: Finding revealed that more than two fifth of them their age were 20-21 years old. About three quarter of studied students had poor score of knowledge, while only 4.9% of them had good score of knowledge. Conclusion: The study concluded that there were lack of knowledge about food allergy. There was a statistical significant difference between sex, mother's education and their knowledge. Recommendation: The study recommended that develop  plan, and  implement health education programs for university students about food allergy and Increase  the amount of periodicals and books in the different libraries regarding food allergy.

Key Words:  University students, Perception, food allergy

  Background: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints worldwide. Objective: to to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation intervention program about neck pain and functional disability among information technology employees. Design: A pretest, posttest design was used in this study with total coverage of all complainants from neck pain (n=73). Methods: The period of collecting data was from the mid of April 2021 to mid of December 2021. Four tools were used, tool I: A structured questionnaire that consisted of two parts: 1^st part: socio-demographic data and working hours, 2^nd part: assessment of knowledge of employees. Tool (II): Neck Pain Questionnaire, tool (III): observational checklist and tool (IV):The educational program has been developed. Results: 68.5% of employees had moderate neck pain & functional disability in pre-test while only 69.9% of   them mild pain in follow up test. 87.7% of them had poor knowledge in the pre-test and improved in the post and follow-up tests to 98.6 % and 61.6% respectively. A statistically significant negative correlation existed between total knowledge scores with neck pain and functional scores in pre and follow up test. Moreover, 86.3% of studied employees had poor practice scores about isometric, stretching exercises and correct posture in the pre-test, which improved to 94.5%, 39.7% of them having good practice scores in the post-test and in the follow-up test, respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation at pre, post, and follow-up tests (r = 0.520, 0.527, and 0.339, respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that the rehabilitation intervention program had a positive effect on knowledge, practices and level of neck pain and functional disability of employees at post and follow-up tests.

Key Words: cervical exercises, employees, knowledge, practices, neck pain, rehabilitation intervention program.