Exposure to pesticides may result in abnormal glucose metabolism, increasing risk of diabetes. The study was to investigate the relationship between maternal and infants residential pesticides exposure and the onset of diabetes in these infants. Both the diabetic infants and the control groups were recruited from the Outpatient Clinic for Diabetic children and Well Baby Clinic, Assiut University Children Hospital. The study included 72 infants divided into 2 groups study group (40 diabetic infants) and the control group included (32 infants). A structured questionnaire sheet was designed to collect data about mothers and their infants. The study showed that there was statistically significant difference considering the items of no consanguinity among parents of infants in the study group compared to those in the control group (52.5 % Vs. 40.6%, respectively P ≤ 0.02.).The percentage frequency of maternal exposure to residential pesticides was significantly higher for the patients group in comparison to the control group. (65% Vs. 31.2%, respectively, P- value 0.0001).Similarly, the percentage frequency of the diabetic infants exposed to residential pesticides was significantly higher than that for the control group. (47% Vs. 28.1%, respectively, P – ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the percentage frequency of exposure of infants to residential pesticides per week was significantly higher among the study group in comparison to their partners in the control group. P- ≤ 0.0001. In conclusion: Exposure of infants to residential pesticides both during pregnancy and after birth may be considered as a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus in these infants. The study recommended that, further studies are needed to study the relationship of exposure to residential pesticides for developing diabetes by using the biochemical markers to detect the level of metabolites of these pesticides in these populations.

Nowadays, quality of life is one of the important aspect in programming and giving service to disabled and blindness is one of the most important and common kinds of physical handicaps. This study aimed to: determine Self-esteem & quality of life among visual impaired children in Assiut City. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study. The studied children were 100 children from El-Noor School, Assiut City, 22 children from last two years of primary school, 44 children from preparatory school, 34 children from secondary school with age ranged from 12 to 18 years and both sex. This study is divided to four tools; the first tool was structured interview sheet included biosocial data of children, time and causes of disability, second tool to assess social class by using Abd-El-Twab scale 1998. The third tool - Self-esteem scale, it includes 10 items. , the final tool to assess quality of life data, it consists of 68 items. Following approval for the research, personal meetings were held with each child in school sitting. Data was collected during the period from first of September 2009 to the end of April 2010. Obtained results revealed that more than two-thirds of studied children aged between 12-18 years. The mean age of studied children is 15.87 ± 3.03 and more than half of them were males. Nearly three quarters of studied sample had low social class (72%). In addition; nearly half of children with high total quality of life score were come from high social class compared with 8.3% from low social class children with highly statistically significant difference. Also, it was found that 40% of studied children with high total quality of life scores were outdoor school residence compared to only 8.2% of indoor school residence (p value 0.003). Further, more than half of studied children with low social class had low self-esteem compared to more than three quarters of normal self esteem children were come from high social class. 71.4% of normal self-esteem children were present in small family compared by two third of low self-esteem score were present in large family. It is concluded that children from high social class had higher quality of life and normal self esteem than other children. It is recommended that multicomponant intervention with a focus on the children and their families are needed to improve self esteem and quality of life of visually impaired children. Designing and implementing of a psychological counseling program for visually impaired children to improve their emotional statues and help them to coping effectively. [Safaa A. M. . Kotb; Marzoka A. Gadallah and Salwa A. Marzouk. Self-esteem and quality of life among visually impaired children in Assiut City, Egypt. Journal of American Science 2011;7(8):47-57].(ISSN: 1545-1003).

Nowadays, quality of life is one of the important aspect in programming and giving service to disabled and blindness is one of the most important and common kinds of physical handicaps. This study aimed to: determine Self-esteem & quality of life among visual impaired children in Assiut City. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study. The studied children were 100 children from El-Noor School, Assiut City, 22 children from last two years of primary school, 44 children from preparatory school, 34 children from secondary school with age ranged from 12 to 18 years and both sex. This study is divided to four tools; the first tool was structured interview sheet included biosocial data of children, time and causes of disability, second tool to assess social class by using Abd-El-Twab scale 1998. The third tool - Self-esteem scale, it includes 10 items. , the final tool to assess quality of life data, it consists of 68 items. Following approval for the research, personal meetings were held with each child in school sitting. Data was collected during the period from first of September 2009 to the end of April 2010. Obtained results revealed that more than two-thirds of studied children aged between 12-18 years. The mean age of studied children is 15.87 ± 3.03 and more than half of them were males. Nearly three quarters of studied sample had low social class (72%). In addition; nearly half of children with high total quality of life score were come from high social class compared with 8.3% from low social class children with highly statistically significant difference. Also, it was found that 40% of studied children with high total quality of life scores were outdoor school residence compared to only 8.2% of indoor school residence (p value 0.003). Further, more than half of studied children with low social class had low self-esteem compared to more than three quarters of normal self esteem children were come from high social class. 71.4% of normal self-esteem children were present in small family compared by two third of low self-esteem score were present in large family. It is concluded that children from high social class had higher quality of life and normal self esteem than other children. It is recommended that multicomponant intervention with a focus on the children and their families are needed to improve self esteem and quality of life of visually impaired children. Designing and implementing of a psychological counseling program for visually impaired children to improve their emotional statues and help them to coping effectively. [Safaa A. M. . Kotb; Marzoka A. Gadallah and Salwa A. Marzouk. Self-esteem and quality of life among visually impaired children in Assiut City, Egypt. Journal of American Science 2011;7(8):47-57].(ISSN: 1545-1003).

Nowadays, quality of life is one of the important aspect in programming and giving service to disabled and blindness is one of the most important and common kinds of physical handicaps. This study aimed to: determine Self-esteem & quality of life among visual impaired children in Assiut City. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study. The studied children were 100 children from El-Noor School, Assiut City, 22 children from last two years of primary school, 44 children from preparatory school, 34 children from secondary school with age ranged from 12 to 18 years and both sex. This study is divided to four tools; the first tool was structured interview sheet included biosocial data of children, time and causes of disability, second tool to assess social class by using Abd-El-Twab scale 1998. The third tool - Self-esteem scale, it includes 10 items. , the final tool to assess quality of life data, it consists of 68 items. Following approval for the research, personal meetings were held with each child in school sitting. Data was collected during the period from first of September 2009 to the end of April 2010. Obtained results revealed that more than two-thirds of studied children aged between 12-18 years. The mean age of studied children is 15.87 ± 3.03 and more than half of them were males. Nearly three quarters of studied sample had low social class (72%). In addition; nearly half of children with high total quality of life score were come from high social class compared with 8.3% from low social class children with highly statistically significant difference. Also, it was found that 40% of studied children with high total quality of life scores were outdoor school residence compared to only 8.2% of indoor school residence (p value 0.003). Further, more than half of studied children with low social class had low self-esteem compared to more than three quarters of normal self esteem children were come from high social class. 71.4% of normal self-esteem children were present in small family compared by two third of low self-esteem score were present in large family. It is concluded that children from high social class had higher quality of life and normal self esteem than other children. It is recommended that multicomponant intervention with a focus on the children and their families are needed to improve self esteem and quality of life of visually impaired children. Designing and implementing of a psychological counseling program for visually impaired children to improve their emotional statues and help them to coping effectively. [Safaa A. M. . Kotb; Marzoka A. Gadallah and Salwa A. Marzouk. Self-esteem and quality of life among visually impaired children in Assiut City, Egypt. Journal of American Science 2011;7(8):47-57].(ISSN: 1545-1003).

A survey study was conducted on 520 fourth-year female students drawn randomly from the Faculty of Nursing and Faculty of Education, Assiut University during the academic year 2002 to assess their information about and attitudes toward female circumcision (FC).Tools: An interview Arabic questiOlmaire sheet for data collection was used to the520 girls under study. Results: The results indicate a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of FC among both groups. Among both groups the (daya) ranked highest as the main operator (44 %, 39.8% for nursing and educational students, respectively). 15.5% of nursing students and 17.6 % of educational students developed complications. 69.7% of nursing students and 57.7% of educational students were circumcised between the ages 5 - 10 years. For 42.2% of nursing students and 34.5% of educational students it was the mother who made the decision. Moreover, half of two sample the practice was done mostly at home (68.8% and 57.4% of nursing and educational students, respectively) followed by (16.5%, 27.7%) at hospital. For 10.09% of nursing students and 10.4% of educational students the practice was done at private clinics. It was found that (45.8%, 72%) of the students agreed to the practice of Fe. 64.2% of nursing students and 58.7% of educational students reported that they were going to do the circumcise your daughter in the future. The most cited sources of information for nursing students are medical and nursing literature (30.9%), radio and TV (25%), books and magazines (19.2%). The most cited sources of information for educational students were TV (27%) and family (20.3%) with highly significant difference 0.0001. Our study suggested that nursing students and educational students after graduation are the most contact by community because the rationale for FC is multifaceted and complex. Nursing students must be more knowledgably about FC to change mothers knowledge and attitudes at hospital, MCH and community specially during home visit, more over educational students more contact with parents of pupils at schools and aware him about FC and complication.

Education is critical to effective, safe life of preschool age and supervisors with health promotion. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of the instructional scheme upon caregiver and/or Supervisors of nursery school knowledge and skills related to health promotion. Fifty caregiver and/or Supervisors in nursery school who receive instruction about health promotion were included in the study. total of 50 caregivers were randomly selected from social region in Assuit .two tools were designed to collect knowledge, and observational check list sheet to measure caregivers practice. The first tool was A structional interview questionnaire to assess the caregiver and/or Supervisors of nursery school knowledge and second tool is observational checklist to performance of health promotion to determine the baseline data and educational needs .. lt was found that there was a great improvement of the studied sample in relation to knowledge and practice related to health promotion .Continuous education and motivation are needed for the maintenance of safe life to the preschool children in nursery school with supervisors about health promotion in the majority of nursery school of Assuit governorate e. The majority of caregiver and/or Supervisors (92%) had poor level of knowledge, Also (86%) had poor level of practice toward health promotion use play, hygiene, rest, exercise feeding. Immunization, prevent of communicable diseases and accident prevention. There are Statistical significant relationship has been found between caregivers knowledge and practice before and after application of training program. Written policy were recommended for each nursery school is suspected. This besides Adequate training program should be designed to increase the caregivers'knowledge

Education is critical to effective, safe life of preschool age and supervisors with health promotion. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of the instructional scheme upon caregiver and/or Supervisors of nursery school knowledge and skills related to health promotion. Fifty caregiver and/or Supervisors in nursery school who receive instruction about health promotion were included in the study. total of 50 caregivers were randomly selected from social region in Assuit .two tools were designed to collect knowledge, and observational check list sheet to measure caregivers practice. The first tool was A structional interview questionnaire to assess the caregiver and/or Supervisors of nursery school knowledge and second tool is observational checklist to performance of health promotion to determine the baseline data and educational needs .. lt was found that there was a great improvement of the studied sample in relation to knowledge and practice related to health promotion .Continuous education and motivation are needed for the maintenance of safe life to the preschool children in nursery school with supervisors about health promotion in the majority of nursery school of Assuit governorate e. The majority of caregiver and/or Supervisors (92%) had poor level of knowledge, Also (86%) had poor level of practice toward health promotion use play, hygiene, rest, exercise feeding. Immunization, prevent of communicable diseases and accident prevention. There are Statistical significant relationship has been found between caregivers knowledge and practice before and after application of training program. Written policy were recommended for each nursery school is suspected. This besides Adequate training program should be designed to increase the caregivers'knowledge

Education is critical to effective, safe life of preschool age and supervisors with health promotion. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of the instructional scheme upon caregiver and/or Supervisors of nursery school knowledge and skills related to health promotion. Fifty caregiver and/or Supervisors in nursery school who receive instruction about health promotion were included in the study. total of 50 caregivers were randomly selected from social region in Assuit .two tools were designed to collect knowledge, and observational check list sheet to measure caregivers practice. The first tool was A structional interview questionnaire to assess the caregiver and/or Supervisors of nursery school knowledge and second tool is observational checklist to performance of health promotion to determine the baseline data and educational needs .. lt was found that there was a great improvement of the studied sample in relation to knowledge and practice related to health promotion .Continuous education and motivation are needed for the maintenance of safe life to the preschool children in nursery school with supervisors about health promotion in the majority of nursery school of Assuit governorate e. The majority of caregiver and/or Supervisors (92%) had poor level of knowledge, Also (86%) had poor level of practice toward health promotion use play, hygiene, rest, exercise feeding. Immunization, prevent of communicable diseases and accident prevention. There are Statistical significant relationship has been found between caregivers knowledge and practice before and after application of training program. Written policy were recommended for each nursery school is suspected. This besides Adequate training program should be designed to increase the caregivers'knowledge

Education is critical to effective, safe life of preschool age and supervisors with health promotion. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of the instructional scheme upon caregiver and/or Supervisors of nursery school knowledge and skills related to health promotion. Fifty caregiver and/or Supervisors in nursery school who receive instruction about health promotion were included in the study. total of 50 caregivers were randomly selected from social region in Assuit .two tools were designed to collect knowledge, and observational check list sheet to measure caregivers practice. The first tool was A structional interview questionnaire to assess the caregiver and/or Supervisors of nursery school knowledge and second tool is observational checklist to performance of health promotion to determine the baseline data and educational needs .. lt was found that there was a great improvement of the studied sample in relation to knowledge and practice related to health promotion .Continuous education and motivation are needed for the maintenance of safe life to the preschool children in nursery school with supervisors about health promotion in the majority of nursery school of Assuit governorate e. The majority of caregiver and/or Supervisors (92%) had poor level of knowledge, Also (86%) had poor level of practice toward health promotion use play, hygiene, rest, exercise feeding. Immunization, prevent of communicable diseases and accident prevention. There are Statistical significant relationship has been found between caregivers knowledge and practice before and after application of training program. Written policy were recommended for each nursery school is suspected. This besides Adequate training program should be designed to increase the caregivers'knowledge

Every year, more than 200 million women become pregnant, and some of them 15% are likely to develop complication that will require skilled obstetric care to prevent death or serious ill health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ongoing activities of antenatal care services and also mothers satisfaction about services provided at all maternal and child health center in Assuit City (MCH). The total number of the study sample was 971 pregnant women attended to five MCH during one month for each MCH as (260, 221 , 195, 182 & 113 from) EI-Willidia, EI-Arbaeen, EI-Hamara, Kolta and Kidwany respectively). Two tools were designed by the investigators to collect the relevant information. The first tool included an interview questioner for collect the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers, Care provided for him. The second tool was an interview questioner to know mother satisfaction about facilities and care given. The result indicated that the majority of the sample in different MCH calculate the expected date of delivery from the last menstrual period was (100 % , 91.9 %,91.3%, 85.2 %& 100 %) at El- Willidia, EI-Arbaeen, EI-Hamara, Kulta and Kidwany MCH respectively with highly statistical significant difference( p 0.0001). Also about general examination, it was found that only (13.5 %, 39 .4%, 19%, 17, % & 31 %) respectively at El-Willidia, EI -Arbaeen, EI-Hamara, Kolta and Kidwany done breast examination, while majority of him done fundal grip. Also found (100%) in all MCH centers give mother tetanus immunization. More ever the majority of the pregnant mother adviced regarding the schedule of ante natal care visit as (94.5%, 84.2 %, 89.2 %, 95.6 %& 84.1 %) respectively at El- Willidia, EI-Arbaeen, El Hamara, Kulta & Kidwany. While about mother satisfaction it was found that in some MCH the mothers not satisfied about services given as (71%, 39.4%, 38.5%, 31.3 %, 59.3%) in ElWillidia, EI-Arbaeen, EL- Hamara , Kulta and Kidwany respectively. The present study concluded that their are lack of services which produce in the different MCH in Assuit city, with different variation in mother's satisfaction for MCH services and facilities. For that investigator recommended that in-services education program for nurses working in MCH centers. Equipped all MCH centers by necessalY equipment for give a good care. Improve the quality of care by evaluate care regularly for quality antenatal services.