The present study aimed to investigate the impact of educational program among open heart surgery patients on minimizing the incidence of post operative infections. Data were collected from cardiothoracic surgery department, intensive care unit, and outpatient clinic at Assiut University Hospital. The study was conducted on 60 adult patients with open heart surgery (30 - study group and 30 - control group) who have been selected randomly. Data were collected through: four tools; (cardiac surgery patient needs assessment sheet, cardiac teaching program based on individualized patient needs assessment, cardiac post operative observation checklist sheet, and cardiac post operative wound site infection evaluation sheet). Results of this study concluded that, more than half of the patients in study group 53.3 % were females, 70 % were married, and 40 % their ages ranged from 18 - 29 years. While the majority of the patients in the control group 63.3 % were male, 46.7 % were married, and 33.3 % from 30 - 39 years. Conclusion; Significant differences for improvements throughout educational program phases among study group regarding total score of knowledge and practice about open heart surgery. The study recommended that, pamphlets and simple illustration booklet should be available for patients illiterate to with simple explain how to safely live after open heart surgery. The patients must understand the importance of oral hygiene and visiting a dentist regularly because dental infections can affect the valve prosthetic.

Prophylactic antibiotics have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of febrile morbidity associated with cesarean section after labor. However, the relative effectiveness of different single antibiotics has been studied infrequently. Several new broad spectrum antibiotics are now available, and any further benefit from more traditional antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis remains untested. A randomized clinical trial for testing the efficacy of cephalosporin versus Amoxicillin in preventing post cesarean section infection, and to identify the role of health education about wound care in reducing post cesarean section wound infection. This study conducted at emergency unit of the Obstetrics &Gynecological department, Woman's Health Center, Assuit University Hospital, between 2008 to 2009. Women's undergoing emergency and elective cesarean section were recruited into the study and given either drug as prophylaxis. The sample comprised 200 pregnant women. 100 pregnant women received Amoxicillin and the other 100 pregnant women received Cephalosporin as a prophylactic antibiotic. For each group, 50 women received routine hospital wound care and the other 50 women received health education about wound care. Random assignment was done by computer generated tables. Concealed envelopes containing the random number made to be opened after deciding to include the case in the study. the -present study reported that the percent of surgical site infection (SSI) of elective cesarean section was 2.5% (0.5% in Amoxicillin group and 2% in cephalosporin group) with no significant difference between both groups. We can concluded that use of Amoxicillin as a prophylactic antibiotic as effective as Cephalosporin in preventing post cesarean section wound infection. And women that received health education about wound care are less likely to expose to wound infection than those who receive only routine hospital care, in spite that the comparative results are not significant.

Prophylactic antibiotics have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of febrile morbidity associated with cesarean section after labor. However, the relative effectiveness of different single antibiotics has been studied infrequently. Several new broad spectrum antibiotics are now available, and any further benefit from more traditional antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis remains untested. A randomized clinical trial for testing the efficacy of cephalosporin versus Amoxicillin in preventing post cesarean section infection, and to identify the role of health education about wound care in reducing post cesarean section wound infection. This study conducted at emergency unit of the Obstetrics &Gynecological department, Woman's Health Center, Assuit University Hospital, between 2008 to 2009. Women's undergoing emergency and elective cesarean section were recruited into the study and given either drug as prophylaxis. The sample comprised 200 pregnant women. 100 pregnant women received Amoxicillin and the other 100 pregnant women received Cephalosporin as a prophylactic antibiotic. For each group, 50 women received routine hospital wound care and the other 50 women received health education about wound care. Random assignment was done by computer generated tables. Concealed envelopes containing the random number made to be opened after deciding to include the case in the study. the -present study reported that the percent of surgical site infection (SSI) of elective cesarean section was 2.5% (0.5% in Amoxicillin group and 2% in cephalosporin group) with no significant difference between both groups. We can concluded that use of Amoxicillin as a prophylactic antibiotic as effective as Cephalosporin in preventing post cesarean section wound infection. And women that received health education about wound care are less likely to expose to wound infection than those who receive only routine hospital care, in spite that the comparative results are not significant.

Prophylactic antibiotics have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of febrile morbidity associated with cesarean section after labor. However, the relative effectiveness of different single antibiotics has been studied infrequently. Several new broad spectrum antibiotics are now available, and any further benefit from more traditional antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis remains untested. A randomized clinical trial for testing the efficacy of cephalosporin versus Amoxicillin in preventing post cesarean section infection, and to identify the role of health education about wound care in reducing post cesarean section wound infection. This study conducted at emergency unit of the Obstetrics &Gynecological department, Woman's Health Center, Assuit University Hospital, between 2008 to 2009. Women's undergoing emergency and elective cesarean section were recruited into the study and given either drug as prophylaxis. The sample comprised 200 pregnant women. 100 pregnant women received Amoxicillin and the other 100 pregnant women received Cephalosporin as a prophylactic antibiotic. For each group, 50 women received routine hospital wound care and the other 50 women received health education about wound care. Random assignment was done by computer generated tables. Concealed envelopes containing the random number made to be opened after deciding to include the case in the study. the -present study reported that the percent of surgical site infection (SSI) of elective cesarean section was 2.5% (0.5% in Amoxicillin group and 2% in cephalosporin group) with no significant difference between both groups. We can concluded that use of Amoxicillin as a prophylactic antibiotic as effective as Cephalosporin in preventing post cesarean section wound infection. And women that received health education about wound care are less likely to expose to wound infection than those who receive only routine hospital care, in spite that the comparative results are not significant.

Prophylactic antibiotics have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of febrile morbidity associated with cesarean section after labor. However, the relative effectiveness of different single antibiotics has been studied infrequently. Several new broad spectrum antibiotics are now available, and any further benefit from more traditional antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis remains untested. A randomized clinical trial for testing the efficacy of cephalosporin versus Amoxicillin in preventing post cesarean section infection, and to identify the role of health education about wound care in reducing post cesarean section wound infection. This study conducted at emergency unit of the Obstetrics &Gynecological department, Woman's Health Center, Assuit University Hospital, between 2008 to 2009. Women's undergoing emergency and elective cesarean section were recruited into the study and given either drug as prophylaxis. The sample comprised 200 pregnant women. 100 pregnant women received Amoxicillin and the other 100 pregnant women received Cephalosporin as a prophylactic antibiotic. For each group, 50 women received routine hospital wound care and the other 50 women received health education about wound care. Random assignment was done by computer generated tables. Concealed envelopes containing the random number made to be opened after deciding to include the case in the study. the -present study reported that the percent of surgical site infection (SSI) of elective cesarean section was 2.5% (0.5% in Amoxicillin group and 2% in cephalosporin group) with no significant difference between both groups. We can concluded that use of Amoxicillin as a prophylactic antibiotic as effective as Cephalosporin in preventing post cesarean section wound infection. And women that received health education about wound care are less likely to expose to wound infection than those who receive only routine hospital care, in spite that the comparative results are not significant.

The aim of this study was to assess the third year nursing student’s perception about an OSCE in Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing. A descriptive design was utilized for collecting the data that are necessary to answer the research question. The sample consisted of 100 students who finished the 3rd year clinical teaching course of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing and were evaluated by an OSCE. The results of this study explored that more than one third of the students considered the announcement of the date and the place of examination were very good (39% and 38%, respectively). As regards the format of OSCE, the study identified that 41% of the students considered the revision done before examination was excellent. The majority of the students considered the quality of examination was excellent. Concerning the difficulties in time management during OSCE, more than half of the students (55%) were agreed. As regards the presence of emotional stress, more than two thirds of the students (77%) were agreed. In the light of the present study findings, it can be concluded that there is more need for careful preparation and organization of OSCE. The majority of the students appreciate the format of OSCE. The study has also highlighted that there are more need for training the students on time management and relieving their emotional stress during implementation of OSCE. It is essential to consider the recommended use of OSCE prescribed within wider context in nursing curriculum evaluation models. A larger study is needed to establish the effectiveness of OSCE within nursing education programs. An exploration of how successfully students transfer into clinical practice and to explore the validity and reliability of OSCE.

The aim of this study was to assess the third year nursing student’s perception about an OSCE in Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing. A descriptive design was utilized for collecting the data that are necessary to answer the research question. The sample consisted of 100 students who finished the 3rd year clinical teaching course of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing and were evaluated by an OSCE. The results of this study explored that more than one third of the students considered the announcement of the date and the place of examination were very good (39% and 38%, respectively). As regards the format of OSCE, the study identified that 41% of the students considered the revision done before examination was excellent. The majority of the students considered the quality of examination was excellent. Concerning the difficulties in time management during OSCE, more than half of the students (55%) were agreed. As regards the presence of emotional stress, more than two thirds of the students (77%) were agreed. In the light of the present study findings, it can be concluded that there is more need for careful preparation and organization of OSCE. The majority of the students appreciate the format of OSCE. The study has also highlighted that there are more need for training the students on time management and relieving their emotional stress during implementation of OSCE. It is essential to consider the recommended use of OSCE prescribed within wider context in nursing curriculum evaluation models. A larger study is needed to establish the effectiveness of OSCE within nursing education programs. An exploration of how successfully students transfer into clinical practice and to explore the validity and reliability of OSCE.

Exposure to pesticides may result in abnormal glucose metabolism, increasing risk of diabetes. The study was to investigate the relationship between maternal and infants residential pesticides exposure and the onset of diabetes in these infants. Both the diabetic infants and the control groups were recruited from the Outpatient Clinic for Diabetic children and Well Baby Clinic, Assiut University Children Hospital. The study included 72 infants divided into 2 groups study group (40 diabetic infants) and the control group included (32 infants). A structured questionnaire sheet was designed to collect data about mothers and their infants. The study showed that there was statistically significant difference considering the items of no consanguinity among parents of infants in the study group compared to those in the control group (52.5 % Vs. 40.6%, respectively P ≤ 0.02.).The percentage frequency of maternal exposure to residential pesticides was significantly higher for the patients group in comparison to the control group. (65% Vs. 31.2%, respectively, P- value 0.0001).Similarly, the percentage frequency of the diabetic infants exposed to residential pesticides was significantly higher than that for the control group. (47% Vs. 28.1%, respectively, P – ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the percentage frequency of exposure of infants to residential pesticides per week was significantly higher among the study group in comparison to their partners in the control group. P- ≤ 0.0001. In conclusion: Exposure of infants to residential pesticides both during pregnancy and after birth may be considered as a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus in these infants. The study recommended that, further studies are needed to study the relationship of exposure to residential pesticides for developing diabetes by using the biochemical markers to detect the level of metabolites of these pesticides in these populations.

Exposure to pesticides may result in abnormal glucose metabolism, increasing risk of diabetes. The study was to investigate the relationship between maternal and infants residential pesticides exposure and the onset of diabetes in these infants. Both the diabetic infants and the control groups were recruited from the Outpatient Clinic for Diabetic children and Well Baby Clinic, Assiut University Children Hospital. The study included 72 infants divided into 2 groups study group (40 diabetic infants) and the control group included (32 infants). A structured questionnaire sheet was designed to collect data about mothers and their infants. The study showed that there was statistically significant difference considering the items of no consanguinity among parents of infants in the study group compared to those in the control group (52.5 % Vs. 40.6%, respectively P ≤ 0.02.).The percentage frequency of maternal exposure to residential pesticides was significantly higher for the patients group in comparison to the control group. (65% Vs. 31.2%, respectively, P- value 0.0001).Similarly, the percentage frequency of the diabetic infants exposed to residential pesticides was significantly higher than that for the control group. (47% Vs. 28.1%, respectively, P – ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the percentage frequency of exposure of infants to residential pesticides per week was significantly higher among the study group in comparison to their partners in the control group. P- ≤ 0.0001. In conclusion: Exposure of infants to residential pesticides both during pregnancy and after birth may be considered as a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus in these infants. The study recommended that, further studies are needed to study the relationship of exposure to residential pesticides for developing diabetes by using the biochemical markers to detect the level of metabolites of these pesticides in these populations.

Exposure to pesticides may result in abnormal glucose metabolism, increasing risk of diabetes. The study was to investigate the relationship between maternal and infants residential pesticides exposure and the onset of diabetes in these infants. Both the diabetic infants and the control groups were recruited from the Outpatient Clinic for Diabetic children and Well Baby Clinic, Assiut University Children Hospital. The study included 72 infants divided into 2 groups study group (40 diabetic infants) and the control group included (32 infants). A structured questionnaire sheet was designed to collect data about mothers and their infants. The study showed that there was statistically significant difference considering the items of no consanguinity among parents of infants in the study group compared to those in the control group (52.5 % Vs. 40.6%, respectively P ≤ 0.02.).The percentage frequency of maternal exposure to residential pesticides was significantly higher for the patients group in comparison to the control group. (65% Vs. 31.2%, respectively, P- value 0.0001).Similarly, the percentage frequency of the diabetic infants exposed to residential pesticides was significantly higher than that for the control group. (47% Vs. 28.1%, respectively, P – ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the percentage frequency of exposure of infants to residential pesticides per week was significantly higher among the study group in comparison to their partners in the control group. P- ≤ 0.0001. In conclusion: Exposure of infants to residential pesticides both during pregnancy and after birth may be considered as a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus in these infants. The study recommended that, further studies are needed to study the relationship of exposure to residential pesticides for developing diabetes by using the biochemical markers to detect the level of metabolites of these pesticides in these populations.