The aflatoxins B1, G1 and their metabolites exist in the systemic blood as protein conjugate. This conjugation is specific to plasma albumin and proceeds enzymatically by liver and kidney cells. The aflatoxin-albumin conjugate is permanent and the conjugation is an irreversible one. This may interpret the acute liver damage of animal ingested a single dose of aflatoxin (3,4). The existence of bound aflatoxin-albumin in the systematic blood could be considered as one factor of low excretions of aflatoxins and their metabolites in urine (5,6,7).

This work was conducted in order to study the kinetic behaviour of dietary aflatoxins in the colostrum of a pregnant cow exposed to contaminated feeds for a short period. In this study, two pregnant cows received a single dose of dietary aflatoxins in the form of rice powder contained 31.20 ppm aflatoxin B and 19.68 ppm aflatoxin G during the last stage of pregnancy, at about two weeks before parturition. Samples of colostrum were collected from dams and assayed for the presence of toxic metabolites as well as its conjugations by electrophoretic analysis. The results revealed that the intake of aflatoxins appeared in the colostrum postpartum as AFM1 and also AFB2a which is a non toxic metabolite. Moreover, it was found that the excreted metabolites including AFB2a were conjugated to the immunoglobulin protein fraction of the colostrum. The significance of the obtained results to the newborn calf are discussed.

Abstract

Addition of copper-monovalent-nicotinic acid complex to a synthetic medium specific for kojie acid production by Aspergillus flavus enhanced the production by about 47%. The substance is proposed to act via a biochemical utilization of the copper(I)-B₃ complex in a manner similar to that of the naturally utilized nicotinic acid. NAD and NADP like carriers with higher reactivity have been predicted. According to this prediction the biosynthetic route of kojic acid has been interpreted on the basis of a model proposed by BAJPAI et al. (1981). In this model the enzymes participating are dependent on NAD and NADP (glucose dehydrogenase and gluconate dehydrogenase) as well as on other reduction processes.

Copper-nicotinic acid complex was fed as a food additive to baby chicks and their immune status estimated after vaccination with Hitchner B₁ and inactivated ND vaccines. This work was done in order to determine the immunostimulant effect of copper(I)-nicotinic acid complex in chickens. Immunity was estimated by haemagglutination inhibition, agar-gel precipitation, and challenge tests. Results showed much higher immunity status and post vaccination protection in birds supplemented with the complex. These data can be used in developing and realizing veterinary preventive programs or passive immunity in childhood.

Effect of prostaglandins B1, F1a and F2a on thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcium levels in albino rat serum FAO_logo AGRIS home-icon English Español Français العربية 中文 Русский Journal Article Journal Article Effect of prostaglandins B1, F1a and F2a on thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcium levels in albino rat serum [1988] Nassar, AY (Assiut Univ. (Egypt). Faculty of Medicine); Hassan, KA; Omar, HM; Access the full text NOT AVAILABLE Lookup at Google Scholar google-logo From the journal Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science (Egypt) Bibliographic information Language: English Type: Summary In AGRIS since: 1990 Volume: 19 Issue: 2 Start Page: 43 End Page: 56 All titles: "Effect of prostaglandins B1, F1a and F2a on thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcium levels in albino rat serum"@eng Other: "2 ill. 1 fig. 2 tables; 18 ref. Summaries (Ar, En)" Loading... Translate with Google Access the full text NOT …

Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain and as an alternative to opiates.Analytical procedures for the determination of tramadol and its major metabolites, O-desmethyltramadol (M1) and N-desmethyltramadol (M2) in human urine have been developed and validated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Sample preparation involved liquid–liquid extraction with tert.-butylmethyl ether (MTBE) and back extraction with 0.1N hydrochloric acid. Proadifen (SKF525A) was selected as internal standard (IS). Extraction efficiencies of tramadol, M1 and M2 were 101.88%, 98.51% and 108.65% respectively. For qualitative analysis we operated in scan mode and for quantitative analysis in SIM mode, selecting the ions m/z 58 for tramadol and M1, m/z 188 for M2 and m/z 86 for IS. The calibration curves were linear (r2>0.997) in the concentration range 10–1000 ng/mL for all compounds. The lower limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL for tramadol and M1, and 20 ng/mL for M2. The intra-day precision of the assay (n=6) for the measurement of QC samples at three concentrations was in the range 2.29–5.82%, 1.29–6.88% and 1.46–6.78% for tramadol, M1 and M2, respectively; inter-day precision was in the range 2.12-3.73%, 1.14-6.50% and 3.04-5.48% for tramadol, M1 and M2, respectively; the intra-day accuracy was in the range 90.40–100.87%, 94.81–107.06% and 99.94–103.20% for tramadol, M1 and M2, respectively. Data on solution stability at room temperature and 4°C in urine samples, freeze–thaw-stability, sample extract stability as well as dilution factor and matrix effects have been evaluated andwill be presented. The application of the assay was demonstrated by simultaneous measurement of urine concentrations of T, M1, and M2 in samples from healthy volunteers after the administration of a 50 mg oral doses of tramadol.

Abstract

In the present study samarium - 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) complex was prepared to enhance the effectiveness of the 5-FU drug. This complex was characterized by UV/VIS spectrometry high performance liquid chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of the prepared complex was explored on the human colon cancer cell Caco2 via evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of this complex through trypan blue cell viability. Apoptosis was also assessed through morphological changes, by Annexin V=PI flow cytometric analysis. The results revealed that the trivalent Sm enhance the 5-FU effect against the chemo-resistant colorectal carcinoma cell line.

Abstract:

Aflatoxins (AFs) are chemically secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera. It has adverse effects on humans and animals health due to inhibition of macromolecule synthesis. The current research investigate the pathological and biochemical changes in lymph follicles of female rats exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for one month and the efficacy of isolated bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) from cobra snake venom, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and oltipraz (OPZ) to ameliorate those changes. Aflatoxicosis cause significant increase of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) in addition to significant decrease in the level of total thiols, glutathione (GSH) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Moreover, AFB1 caused histopathological changes in lymph follicles represented by depletion of the lymphoid cells. Treatment of aflatoxicosed rats with BPF, BHT or OPZ resulting in amelioration of the oxidative stress markers and improvement in the histological structure of lymph follicles represented by increase of lymphoid cell population with presence of mast cells and collagen bundle. In conclusion BPF, BHT or OPZ ameliorate the aflatoxicosis with priority for the BPF.