القضيه التى تتناولها هذه الورقة هى البيئة العمرانية المعاصرة فى مصر - كدوله اسلاميه- وما تعانيه من مشكلات كنتيجة لاغترابها عن القيم والمبادئ الاسلامية. يهدف البحث الى التعمق فى فهم الفكر المعمارى الاسلامى لمعالجة مشكلات البيئة العمرانية المعاصرة. ونركيز الأفكار لوضع عناصر الاستراتيجيه الخاصه بتخطيط بيئه عمرانيه معاصره فى المضمون الخاص بالاحتياجات العصرية فى نطاق الاطار الشامل للشريعة الاسلامية. وقام الحث بدراسة التالي: التعرف على سمات النموذج العمرانى الاسلامى تفهم اسباب اغتراب البيئة العمرانية المعاصرة عن القيم الاسلامية القاء الضوء على المشكلات وأوجه السلبيات المترتبه على إغفال المبادئ والقيم الإسلاميه على المدينة المعاصرة. وضع الأفكار والمقترحات لاعادة الشخصية الاسلامية للبيئة العمرانية المعاصرة.

Abstract: To calculate parking requirements, architects and planners typically use generic standards issued or approved by local authorities. In many cases, these calculations are made up depending on observations of peak demand for parking at single-use developments, or copied from a city to another; regardless of the local key determinants of parking requirements. The application of these rigid standards is argued to issue forceful impacts on design and planning; being the agent to cause a surplus of parking spaces, maximize the financial cost and indirectly affect the natural environment and the green infrastructure. To rationally react to the paradoxical situation when calculating parking requirements, the paper tries to find a balance between ‘standardization’ and ‘customization’. Firstly, the perplexity of parking standards is highlighted via reviewing the parking requirements as stated in four selected US cities and in the Egyptian Code. After that, key determinants of parking demand, that would affect developing parking standards, are identified. Further, innovative alternatives to reduce parking requirements are studied, and guidelines to fulfill the requirements of parking spaces needed for an existing development or building are introduced.

Abstract: To calculate parking requirements, architects and planners typically use generic standards issued or approved by local authorities. In many cases, these calculations are made up depending on observations of peak demand for parking at single-use developments, or copied from a city to another; regardless of the local key determinants of parking requirements. The application of these rigid standards is argued to issue forceful impacts on design and planning; being the agent to cause a surplus of parking spaces, maximize the financial cost and indirectly affect the natural environment and the green infrastructure. To rationally react to the paradoxical situation when calculating parking requirements, the paper tries to find a balance between ‘standardization’ and ‘customization’. Firstly, the perplexity of parking standards is highlighted via reviewing the parking requirements as stated in four selected US cities and in the Egyptian Code. After that, key determinants of parking demand, that would affect developing parking standards, are identified. Further, innovative alternatives to reduce parking requirements are studied, and guidelines to fulfill the requirements of parking spaces needed for an existing development or building are introduced.

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The purpose of the book is to introduce the students, geologists, and engineers to the fundamentals of the finite element method and its application in the field of geotechnical engineering with emphasis on rock mechanics. They learn the necessary principles to help them use commercially available programs or to create their own basic finite element code for the stress and deformation analysis of solid structures. The topics covered in this book are: Introduction to numerical methods, displacement Finite element method, equilibrium equations, elasticity relations, formulation procedure (solid mechanics), shape functions, stiffness matrix, load vectors, mesh convergence and accuracy, isoparametric element and numerical integration.