This study investigates mastitis in the dairy industry, with a focus on the issue of antibiotic resistance. This study was designed to evaluate mastitis prevalence and investigate the bacteriological profiles of subclinical mastitis (SCM) milk, mastitis-free milk, and market milk. Out of 374 quarter milk samples, 26.2 % were from animals with SCM. Bacteriological examination identified 87 Gram-negative bacterial strains from subclinical mastitis milk (SCMM) (42.9 %), subclinical mastitis-free milk (SCMFM) (17.97 %), and market milk (MM) (58 %). MALDI-TOF MS identified species including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, and Acinetobacter baumannii, with E. coli being the most frequent. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype was found in 43.7 % of isolates, with 57.1 % from SCMM, 43.8 % from SCMFM, and 24.1 % from MM. Biofilm production was observed in 44.8 % of isolates, with a significant correlation between MDR and biofilm formation. Eight strains (9.2 %) were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producers, with blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes detected. A. baumannii harbored multiple resistance genes, including blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA51, blaOXA23, and blaNDM, showing both phenotypic and genotypic ESBLs and carbapenemase activity. The presence of MDR, ESBLs, and carbapenemase producing Gram-negative bacteria in SCMM, SCMFM, and MM indicates a concerning exchange of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes between human and animal hosts, posing risks of milk contamination and environmental hazards. A one-health approach is essential for controlling antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, emphasizing prudent antimicrobial use in human and animal healthcare, and improving farm hygiene practices. 

Introduction: Fascioliasis, a significant global zoonotic disease caused by trematode parasites of the genus Fasciola, affects various livestock species. Aim: This study aimed to identify demographic, epidemiological, clinical manifestations, pathological, and genetic characteristics in New Valley, Egypt’s human, and cattle populations.

Methods: This study is made of two parts, the first part is a cohort study of 1000 cattle slaughtered at three abattoirs in El Kharja, El Dakhilah, and El Farafra from February 2023 to January 2024. A retrospective analysis of patients visiting El Kharja hospital with clinical symptoms and confirmed with coprological and radiological examinations.

Results: The study revealed a high prevalence in cattle (23%) and humans (3.6%). Enrolled human fascioliasis was diagnosed in 58.3% and 41.7% by coprological and radiological analysis, respectively. A 66.7% of enrolled cases were females, with a median age range of 37 ± 13 years old. Treatment outcomes demonstrated a response of 25%, 50%, and 25% to single, two, and three doses of the treatment, respectively. In cattle, infection rate was 20.0% in females compared to 24.9% in males with low prevalence in animals <1 year (12.7%) and high in animals >3 years (30.4%). Autumn had the highest prevalence (28.7%), whereas summer had the lowest prevalence (18.0%). A significant difference in the prevalence of fasciolasis was observed between human and animals. Morphological and histopathological analysis elucidated acute and chronic manifestations of hepatic fascioliasis with ectopic migration to cattle lung tissue. Genetic characterization of ectopic worm confirmed Fasciola hepatica infection, with genetic similarity to human isolates from Iran.

Discussion: The study highlights the importance of one health approach in understanding and managing fascioliasis. 

Toxoplasma gondii infection remains a significant global health concern, promoting the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-CSNPs) against the chronic Toxoplasma gondii (ME49 strain) in an experimental mouse model. This achieved by investigating their ability to reduce parasitic load, oxidative stress, histopathological lesion, and to enhance the host immune response. Sixty female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: infected untreated group, Spiramycin®-treated group, CSNPs-treated group, Cur-CSNPs-treated group, and negative control group. The Cur-CSNPs-treated group exhibited the lowest brain cyst counts, along with significant reductions in cyst size. Hematological indices revealed no significant reduction in total white blood cell (WBC) counts or in the percentage of neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils in both the CSNPs and Cur-CSNPs treated groups, compared to the infected untreated group and Spiramycin-treated group. However, both nanoparticle-treated groups exhibited a significant decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes compared to the infected untreated group. Significant differences in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed, with the Cur-CSNPs treated group displaying values comparable to the negative control. Histopathological examination revealed substantial improvements in the brain, liver, and spleen tissues of Cur-CSNPstreated animals, characterized by preserved tissue architecture and reduced inflammatory lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed reduced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, indicating a mitigated inflammatory response. These findings highlight the promising therapeutic role of CurCSNPs in controlling chronic T. gondii infection and suggest their potential as a novel strategy for developing effective antiparasitic treatments. 

Cutaneous amoebiasis is a severe opportunistic infection, particularly prevalent among immunocompromised individuals, with high mortality due to the insidiousness of the disease, its ability to evade early diagnosis, and lack of specific symptoms. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the marine alga, Padina pavonica, extract as a topical treatment for Acanthamoeba polyphaga skin infections. Immunocompromised mice with induced cutaneous lesions were topical infected with A. polyphaga and examined 3, 9, and 15 days post infection through histological and molecular analysis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the P. pavonica extract exhibited 20 bioactive compounds belongs to steroids, fatty acids, carotenoid, and flavonoids. Infected animals exhibited ulceronecrotic, cellulitis, and intramuscular abscess involving the hind limbs. Moreover, dense inflammatory infiltrates, necrosis, and infiltration of Acanthamoeba trophozoites in dermal areas, sebaceous glands, around blood vessels, mixed with inflammatory cell infiltrate, and muscles were observed. Treatment with P. pavonica significantly accelerate wound healing, reduce inflammation, and restores normal skin architecture. Notably, P. pavonica extract enhances collagen deposition and modulated the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and cytokeratin 18 as key biomarkers of skin injury. These findings highlight, for the first time, the promising role of P. pavonica in managing wound healing and cutaneous acanthamoebiasis.