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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe immune system complications. Camel whey protein (CWP) decreases free radicals (ROS) and modulates immune functions, but its effect on DM-impaired immune systems has not been studied. We investigated the impact of CWP on the immune system in a Type 1 diabetes mouse model. Methods: Three experimental groups were used: (1) non-diabetic control; (2) diabetic; and (3) CWPtreated diabetic mice. Results: Induction of diabetes by streptozotocin was associated with reduction of body weight and insulin level, increase in glucose level and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and reduction in IL-2 and IL-4 levels. Upregulated ATF-3 expression was followed by a marked elevation in ROS levels. Lymphocytes from diabetic mice exhibited increased apoptosis through decreased phosphorylation of AKT and I

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe immune system complications. Camel whey protein (CWP) decreases free radicals (ROS) and modulates immune functions, but its effect on DM-impaired immune systems has not been studied. We investigated the impact of CWP on the immune system in a Type 1 diabetes mouse model. Methods: Three experimental groups were used: (1) non-diabetic control; (2) diabetic; and (3) CWPtreated diabetic mice. Results: Induction of diabetes by streptozotocin was associated with reduction of body weight and insulin level, increase in glucose level and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and reduction in IL-2 and IL-4 levels. Upregulated ATF-3 expression was followed by a marked elevation in ROS levels. Lymphocytes from diabetic mice exhibited increased apoptosis through decreased phosphorylation of AKT and I

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe immune system complications. Camel whey protein (CWP) decreases free radicals (ROS) and modulates immune functions, but its effect on DM-impaired immune systems has not been studied. We investigated the impact of CWP on the immune system in a Type 1 diabetes mouse model. Methods: Three experimental groups were used: (1) non-diabetic control; (2) diabetic; and (3) CWPtreated diabetic mice. Results: Induction of diabetes by streptozotocin was associated with reduction of body weight and insulin level, increase in glucose level and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and reduction in IL-2 and IL-4 levels. Upregulated ATF-3 expression was followed by a marked elevation in ROS levels. Lymphocytes from diabetic mice exhibited increased apoptosis through decreased phosphorylation of AKT and I

This study was carried out in the two growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. Five experiments were conducted in each season in the Experimental Agricultural Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University. Each experiment represented one planting date. Through each experiment two variables were designed in split-plot design in which time of thinning was allotted in the main plots, whereas splitting NPK was in the sub-plots. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: 1-Total soluble carbohydrates, number of open bolls per plant, weight of seed cotton per boll in gram and Seed cotton yield of Kentar/fed were decreased significantly as planting date was delayed, On the contrary node number of the first sympodium was lowered. 2-The data revealed that thinning before the second irrigation favoured Plant height, total soluble carbohydrates, number of open bolls per plant, weight of seed cotton per boll and Seed cotton yield of March plantings, whereas the reverse was true with regard to the late plantings, i.e., thinning before first irrigation., On the contrary of that node number of the first sympodium was lowered in march plantings. 3-The data revealed that splitting fertilization increased significantly total soluble carbohydrates, number of open bolls per plant, weight of seed cotton per boll and Seed cotton yield. On the contrary of that node number of the first sympodium was lowered.

Abstract This paper reviews quantitative methods for educational and training needs assessment. The paper introduces a new simple approach for this purpose. The approach does not resort to the probability theory. Collected data as two bivariate distributions are tabulated using a five point Likert type scale. A proposed linear cell-weight is applied to each cell. A distribution index is proposed for measuring educational and training needs. The introduced scale is simple, positive, and finite (runs from 0 - 1). The technique is applied on data gathered locally. It contributes in education/ training needs assessment methods in the field of education and extension education.

تم الحصول علي عينات دم من عدد من المرضي وذويهم الاصحاء كلما أمكن بعد معرفة التاريخ المرضي لكل فرد واجراء الفحص الاكلينيكي للاذن والانف والحنجرة وكذا الاختبارات السمعية. وجري أستخلاص الحامض النووي DNA من دم خمسة عشر مريضا وسبعة من ذويهم الاصحاء ، وأجري التحليل بأستخدام طريقة RAPD لمعرفة الطرز الجينية المختلفة لهؤلاء الافراد. كما تم تحديد تتابع القواعد للتحري عن وجود طفرات لجين (كونكسين 26 ) لأحد عشر مريضا. أظهرت نتائج تحديد تتابع القواعد للجزئ الوراثي وجود طفرة فقدان القاعدة G35 في مريض واحد (بنسبة تقرب من 10%). وأمكن بأستخدام طريقة RAPD تقسيم المرضي إلي ثلاث مجموعات مما يرجح إحتمال وجود ثلاث طفرات تسبب ضعف السمع غير المتلازم في صعيد مصر. وأظهر التحليل وجود أربع حزم ظاهرة ببعض عينات المرضي غابت في أقاربهم الاصحاء ، وكذا وجود أربع حزم في الأقارب الأصحاء لم توجد في المرضي. وتوضح الدراسة إمكانية إستخدام طريقة RAPD في التشخيص المبكر لمرضي ضعف السمع الوراثي غير المتلازم.

تم الحصول علي عينات دم من عدد من المرضي وذويهم الاصحاء كلما أمكن بعد معرفة التاريخ المرضي لكل فرد واجراء الفحص الاكلينيكي للاذن والانف والحنجرة وكذا الاختبارات السمعية. وجري أستخلاص الحامض النووي DNA من دم خمسة عشر مريضا وسبعة من ذويهم الاصحاء ، وأجري التحليل بأستخدام طريقة RAPD لمعرفة الطرز الجينية المختلفة لهؤلاء الافراد. كما تم تحديد تتابع القواعد للتحري عن وجود طفرات لجين (كونكسين 26 ) لأحد عشر مريضا. أظهرت نتائج تحديد تتابع القواعد للجزئ الوراثي وجود طفرة فقدان القاعدة G35 في مريض واحد (بنسبة تقرب من 10%). وأمكن بأستخدام طريقة RAPD تقسيم المرضي إلي ثلاث مجموعات مما يرجح إحتمال وجود ثلاث طفرات تسبب ضعف السمع غير المتلازم في صعيد مصر. وأظهر التحليل وجود أربع حزم ظاهرة ببعض عينات المرضي غابت في أقاربهم الاصحاء ، وكذا وجود أربع حزم في الأقارب الأصحاء لم توجد في المرضي. وتوضح الدراسة إمكانية إستخدام طريقة RAPD في التشخيص المبكر لمرضي ضعف السمع الوراثي غير المتلازم.

Abstract RAPD-PCR was performed using six random primers to identify the genetic diversity among six plant samples belong to two genera (Euphorbia and Ricinus). The dendrogram, based on genetic distance, depict the relationship among the investigated plant samples, separate clearly the six samples. The closest relationship was observed between E. geniculata and E. aphylla; and E. pulcherrima and E. peplus, while this relationship was quite separated between these four samples and the other two samples E. cactus and R. communis. Fragments generated by the six primers show a polymorphism ratio of 88.9%. Bands 3500 and 750 bp generated by primer OP-Z13, and also bands 2000, 1500, 1400, 1200, 1000, 720 and 550 bp generated by primer OP-A09 existing only in the plant samples of E. geniculata and E. aphylla, which suggest that these bands can be used as a positive molecular marker to identify these plant samples. Bands 2500, 1720, 1650, 1300, 950 and 250 bp generated by primer OP-A09, and band 1200 bp generated by primer OP-A20 and band 350 bp generated by primer OP-Z19 and band 250 bp generated by primer OP-Z17 were common in all plant samples of family Euphorbiaceae. Moreover, band 430 bp generated by primer OP-Z17 was characterized for Ricinus communis and absent in other plants of genus Euphorbia. Also, band 2700 bp generated by primer OP-A20 and band 210 bp generated by primer OP-Z19 existing only in Euphorbia peplus. This study highlights the usefulness of RAPD assay for determining genetic variation in different plant genera and for estimating genetic distances between different plant samples. Moreover, knowledge of genetic distance among genera and species, and genetic diversity/structure within genera could be useful for conservation of genetic resources. Data presented here are the first report in Egypt of genetic variation inside genera Euphorbia and Ricinus described at the molecular level. We consider this work as a first step in molecular characterization of genera Euphorbia and Ricinus, thus, it is recommended to extend the panel of samples and primers in the future.